Figure 7.

Neuronal expression of PKA-C3 induces vacuolization. A, A 1-d-old male fly hemizygous for Appl-GAL4 and heterozygous for UAS-PKA-C3 shows no degeneration, whereas a 30-d-old one (B) shows some, sometimes quite large vacuoles (arrowhead and arrow). C, In ∼10% of these aged flies, the lamina shows severe vacuolization (arrowhead). D, Removing one copy of sws in 30-d-old females heterozygous for Appl-GAL4 and UAS-PKA-C3 also results in the formation of vacuoles similar to the ones seen in males, whereas these heterozygous females do not show vacuoles without removing one copy of sws (data not shown). All sections are horizontal paraffin head sections. Scale bars: (in A) A, B, D, 50 μm; C, 25 μm. re, Retina, la, lamina.