Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the fixed cohort by insulin glargine exposure group (n = 36,254)
| Characteristic | Non-glargine insulin | Non-glargine plus glargine insulin | Insulin glargine only | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | % (n) | 89.1 (32,295) | 9.7 (3,512) | 1.2 (447) | |
| Sex, % women | % (n) | 46.9 (15,153) | 50.3 (1,765) | 52.1 (233) | <0.0001 |
| Age, years | median (LQ, UQ) | 55 (38,68) | 41 (30,54) | 68 (58,76) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | mean (SD) | 28.9 (6.2) | 26.8 (5.0) | 30.0 (6.3) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | mean (SD) | 135.0 (22.1) | 130.1 (19.1) | 139.8 (20.4) | 0.58 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | mean (SD) | 75.2 (11.9) | 75.1 (11.0) | 77.0 (12.6) | 0.008 |
| HbA1c, % | mean (SD) | 8.6 (1.7) | 8.9 (1.6) | 9.4 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes | |||||
| ≥5 years | % (n) | 83.0 (26,724) | 83.1 (2,907) | 75.1 (334) | <0.0001 |
| Prior insulin | |||||
| ≥5 years on insulin | % (n) | 48.1 (15,525) | 58.3 (2,046) | 5.4 (24) | <0.0001 |
| Prior cancer | |||||
| Ever | 4.7 (1,531) | 2.6 (90) | 8.7 (39) | 0.92 | |
| ≤5 years ago | 2.3 (754) | 1.5 (52) | 5.4 (24) | 0.24 | |
| Prior CVD | % (n) | 12.1 (3,919) | 5.6 (196) | 21.5 (96) | 0.014 |
| Ever smoked | % (n) | 30.5 (7,553) | 27.9 (812) | 26.0 (89) | 0.0008 |
| Diabetes type | |||||
| Type 1 | % (n) | 35.8 (11,547) | 62.2 (2,184) | 3.4 (15)b | |
| Type 2 | % (n) | 57.2 (18,455) | 29.4 (1,033) | 92.0 (411) | |
| Undefined type | % (n) | 7.1 (2,293) | 8.4 (295) | 4.7 (21) | <0.0001 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | median | 41 | 25 | 57 | <0.0001 |
| In the two most deprived SIMD quintiles | % (n) | 44.4 (14,351) | 36.7 (1,288) | 53.7 (240) | <0.0001 |
Missing values for BMI, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, HbA1c, Duration of diabetes and ever smoked
aAge- and sex-adjusted. Values are for tests of whether the overall variation between groups is significant and are taken from linear and logistic regressions of continuous and binary variables, respectively
bThese are likely to be type 2 misclassified as type1
LQ, Lower quartile; UQ, upper quartile