Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the fixed cohort by insulin glargine exposure group: type 2 diabetic patients only (n = 19,899)
| Characteristic | Data presented as | Non-glargine insulin | Non-glargine plus glargine insulin | Insulin glargine only | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | % (n) | 92.7 (18,455) | 5.2 (1,033) | 2.1 (411) | |
| Sex, % women | % (n) | 48.8 (8,996) | 48.5 (501) | 52.6 (216) | 0.13 |
| Age, years | Median (LQ, UQ) | 65 (56,72) | 57 (49, 66) | 69 (59,77) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Mean (SD) | 30.4 (6.1) | 27.9 (5.7) | 30.1 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 139.3 (22.2) | 136.1 (19.5) | 140.5 (20.5) | 0.19 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 76 (12) | 77 (12) | 77 (13) | 0.006 |
| HbA1c, % | Mean (SD) | 8.5 (1.7) | 9.0 (1.7) | 9.3 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes | |||||
| ≥5 years | % (n) | 83.2 (15,360) | 76.8 (793) | 75.2 (309) | <0.0001 |
| Prior Insulin | |||||
| ≥5 years on insulin | % (n) | 37.2 (6,867) | 47.1 (487) | 4.6 (19) | <0.0001 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | Median | 53 | 46 | 59 | <0.0001 |
| Prior cancer | |||||
| Ever | % (n) | 7.4 (1,357) | 5.0 (52) | 9.3 (38) | 0.59 |
| ≤5 years ago | % (n) | 3.6 (664) | 2.7 (28) | 5.6 (23) | 0.35 |
| Any CVD | % (n) | 18.6 (3,441) | 12.1 (125) | 22.1 (91) | 0.016 |
| Ever smoked | % (n) | 29.9 (4,335) | 28.4 (247) | 24.8 (77) | 0.001 |
| Use of oral glucose-lowering drugs at baselineb | % (n) | 28.9 (4,559) | 23.4 (169) | 80.0 (295) | <0.0001 |
| On three or more oral glucose-lowering drugs at baseline | % (n) | 4.0 (745) | 3.1 (32) | 29.4 (121) | <0.0001 |
| In the two most deprived SIMD quintiles | % (n) | 47.1 (8,686) | 35.4 (366) | 54.0 (222) | <0.0001 |
aAge- and sex-adjusted. Values are for tests of whether the overall variation between groups is significant and are taken from linear and logistic regressions of continuous and binary variables, respectively
bDenominator for oral glucose lowering drugs excludes 3,005 (15%) of subjects for whom oral drug prescription is not known with certainty
LQ, Lower quartile; UQ, upper quartile