Table 4.
Sensitivity analyses: HRs (95% CIs) for insulin analogues (reference group: human insulin) for malignant neoplasms
| Description | Dose (IU) | Aspart | Lispro | Glargine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin cancer (C44) not treated as a neoplasm (n = 127,031) | p = 0.01a | p = 0.04a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | |
| 30 | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | |
| 50 | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | |
| Precancerous lesions and in situ carcinoma (D00–D09) not treated as a neoplasm (n = 127,031) | p = 0.84a | p = 0.91a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | |
| 30 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) | |
| 50 | 1.02 (0.86–1.22) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.24 (1.14–1.35) | |
| Oral glucose-lowering agents stratified into subclasses (biguanides, sulfonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glitazones, other oral glucose-lowering agents) (n = 127,031) | p = 0.84a | p = 0.90a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.96 (0,79–1.16) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | |
| 30 | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.18 (1.08–1.28) | |
| 50 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 1.27 (1.17–1.39) | |
| Biguanides (yes/no) as an additional covariate (n = 127,031) | p = 0.83a | p = 0.91a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 1.05 (0.87–1.26) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | |
| 30 | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.16 (1.07–1.27) | |
| 50 | 1.03 (0.86–1.23) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | |
| Patients with a follow-up time of at least 1.5 yearsb (n = 69,766) | p = 0.06a | p = 0.05a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 1.18 (0.91–1.52) | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | |
| 30 | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | |
| 50 | 1.03 (0.84–1.28) | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) | |
| Patients prescribed oral glucose-lowering agents (n = 101,389) | p = 0.60a | p = 0.91a | p < 0.0001a | |
| 10 | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | |
| 30 | 1.05 (0.86–1.29) | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | |
| 50 | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) | 0.96 (0.79–1.18) | 1.33 (1.21–1.46) |
Sensitivity analyses are based on an adjusted model including age, sex, dose and interaction terms of insulin group and dose as covariates. Because of the dose-dependent effect size, the adjusted HRs are shown for three dose levels
ap values refer to a simultaneous test of main effects and all corresponding interaction effects
bTime between study entry and study end