Table 6.
Exploratory analyses
| Bivariate correlation P* | Pearson correlation r | Linear regression P§ | Adjusted R2 | |
| ΔHbA1C versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.31 |
| ΔHbA1C versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔPotassium (mg) | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.32 |
| ΔFruits (g) | 0.04 | 0.6 | NS | |
| ΔSauce (g) | 0.04 | -0.6 | NS | |
| ΔMilk/milk products (g) | 0.05 | 0.6 | NS | |
| ΔHDL versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔCholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.32 |
| ΔHDL versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔFatty acid C20:5, n-3, EPA (g) | 0.004 | -0.7 | 0.004 | 0.51 |
| ΔVitamin C, Ascorbic acid (mg) | 0.02 | -0.6 | NS | |
| ΔTG versus outcome variables | ||||
| No correlations | ||||
| ΔTG versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔVitamin B-1, Thiamin (mg) | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.29 |
| ΔDBP versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔHOMA2 IR | 0.004 | -0.7 | 0.01 | 0.67 |
| ΔSBP (mmHg) | 0.03 | 0.6 | 0.03 | |
| ΔfP-insulin (pmol/l) | 0.004 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔHOMA2 %S | 0.01 | 0.7 | NS | |
| ΔAUC insulin0–120 (nmol/l·min) | 0.01 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔDBP versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔDietary cholesterol (mg) | 0.001 | 0.8 | 0.001 | 0.60 |
| ΔFatty acid C16:1 (g) | 0.002 | 0.8 | NS | |
| ΔFatty acid C22:6, n-3, DHA (g) | 0.01 | 0.7 | NS | |
| ΔFatty acid C20:5, n-3, EPA (g) | 0.02 | 0.6 | NS | |
| ΔEggs (g) | 0.03 | 0.6 | NS | |
| ΔWeight versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔCRP (mg/l) | 0.000005 | 0.9 | 0.001 | 0.85 |
| ΔBMI (kg/m2) | 0.00002 | 0.9 | NE | |
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) | 0.0001 | 0.9 | NS | |
| ΔISI0,120 (mg·l2/mmol·mU·min) | 0.001 | -0.8 | NS | |
| ΔWeight versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔEnergy density per meal (kJ/g) | 0.00003 | -0.9 | 0.00003 | 0.79 |
| ΔVitamin E (mg) | 0.01 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔVegetables (g) | 0.01 | 0.7 | NS | |
| ΔFatty acid C18:1 (g) | 0.02 | -0.6 | NS | |
| ΔBMI versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔWeight (kg) | 0.00002 | 0.9 | NE | |
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) | 0.001 | 0.8 | 0.001 | 0.63 |
| ΔCRP (mg/l) | 0.001 | 0.8 | NS | |
| ΔISI0,120 (mg·l2/mmol·mU·min) | 0.003 | -0.8 | NS | |
| ΔBMI versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔEnergy density per meal (kJ/g) | 0.0004 | -0.8 | 0.0004 | 0.67 |
| ΔVitamin E (mg) | 0.004 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔVegetables (g) | 0.01 | 0.7 | NS | |
| ΔFatty acid C18:1 (g) | 0.01 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔFat (g) | 0.02 | -0.6 | NS | |
| ΔFatty acid C18:2, n-6, Linoleic acid (g) | 0.047 | -0.6 | NS | |
| ΔWaist circumference versus outcome variables | ||||
| ΔWeight (kg) | 0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.0001 | 0.74 |
| ΔBMI (kg/m2) | 0.001 | 0.8 | NS | |
| ΔCRP (mg/l) | 0.001 | 0.8 | NS | |
| ΔISI0,120 (mg·l2/mmol·mU·min) | 0.002 | -0.8 | NS | |
| ΔHbA1C (%) | 0.03 | 0.6 | NS | |
| ΔWaist circumference versus dietary variables | ||||
| ΔBakery (g) | 0.01 | -0.7 | 0.006 | 0.92 |
| ΔEnergy density per meal (kJ/g) | 0.001 | -0.8 | 0.007 | |
| ΔSauce (g) | 0.02 | -0.6 | 0.009 | |
| ΔVitamin E (mg) | 0.003 | -0.7 | 0.03 | |
| ΔFatty acid C18:1 (g) | 0.01 | -0.7 | NS | |
| ΔVitamin E, Alpha-tocopherol (mg) | 0.04 | -0.6 | NS |
Exploratory analyses performed on outcome variables with significant effects from Paleolithic diet compared to Diabetes diet. Analyses consisted of bivariate correlations between within-subject differences (Δ) in outcome and dietary variables. Significantly correlating variables were entered into a stepwise forward linear regression analyses. *P for bivariate correlation between variables in a two-sided t-test. §P for stepwise forward linear regression analyses entering significantly correlated variables. NS = Not Significant. NE = Weight and BMI not entered in their respective regression analysis due to calculatory relatedness.