Herzog EG [43] |
1951 |
North England |
Cross-sectional study of 1,434 manual laborers and clerks |
Author |
4.25% |
4.25% |
– |
>40 years |
– |
No mention |
No significant difference in prevalence of DD in manual workers (4.5%) and clerks (3.8%). |
Gordon S [38] |
1954 |
Canada |
Cross-sectional study of 2,705 hospital inpatients |
Author |
– |
26% |
33% |
66–75 years |
66–75 years |
No mention |
No mention |
Yost J [105] |
1955 |
New York, USA |
Cross-sectional study of 5,062 hospital inpatients |
Author |
3.4% |
4.3% |
2.3% |
37–100 years |
37–100 years |
One case with definite family history—early age at onset in offspring. |
No significant correlation with hand trauma. |
Hueston JT [46] |
1960 |
Australia |
Cross-sectional study of 3,700 people in community |
Author |
– |
23% |
22% |
>60 years |
>60 years |
No mention |
No mention |
Early PF [26] |
1962 |
Lancashire, UK |
Cross- sectional study of 6,979 people in community. |
Author |
3.5% |
3.8% |
2.3% |
15 to >75 years |
15 to >75 years |
No mention |
Strong association between epilepsy. No relationship between DD and manual work. |
Mikkelson OA [74] |
1972 |
Haugesund, Norway |
Cross- sectional study of 16,000 inpatients |
Author/Surgeon |
– |
9.4% |
2.8% |
>16 years 70 to 74 years = 36.8% (max prev’) |
>16 years 85 to 89 years = 25% (max prev’) |
No mention |
No mention |
Critchley EM [21] |
1976 |
Preston, UK |
Cross-sectional study of chronic epileptics |
Author |
56% |
57% |
56% |
35 to >75 years |
35 to >75 years |
No mention |
Link to anti-convulsants to DD due to peripheral stimulation of growth factors |
Stuhler T [24] |
1977 |
Germany |
Cross-sectional study of 524 epileptics |
Author |
21.6% |
– |
– |
– |
– |
Genetic aspect must be taken into consideration |
Idiopathic epilepsy is most associated with DD |
Ravid M [43] |
1977 |
Israel |
Cross-sectional study of 959 diabetics |
Author |
17.6% |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in older diabetic patients |
Mackenney RP [61] |
1983 |
Cotswolds and Chilterns, England |
Cross- sectional study of 919 patients attending the orthopedic clinic |
Surgeon |
– |
5% |
3.5% |
– |
– |
No mention |
Positive correlation between stretching of palm and DD |
Arafa M [4] |
1984 |
Manchester, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 392 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
Rheumatologist |
6.4% with RA. 16% without RA |
7.6% with RA. 16.1% without RA |
5.7% with RA. 15.9% without RA |
30 to >70 years |
30 to >70 years |
Genetic factor in RA as a protective factor against DD? |
No mention |
Noble J [78] |
1984 |
UK |
Cross-sectional study of 273diabetic patients |
Authors (physician and hand surgeon) |
18% when examined by physician, 42% when examined by hand surgeon |
25% when examined by physician, 41% when examined by hand surgeon |
13% when examined by physician, 42% when examined by hand surgeon |
>16 years |
>16 years |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in diabetic patients |
Egawa T [28] |
1985 |
Japan |
Cross sectional study of 3,383 patients attending orthopedic clinic |
Author |
1.8% |
– |
– |
40–59 years |
40–59 years |
No mention |
No mention |
Laplane D [51] |
1985 |
France |
Cross-sectional study of 197 epileptic patients |
Author |
8% |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
No evidence to suggest increased risk of DD in epileptics. |
Stewart HD [98] |
1985 |
UK |
Cross-sectional study of 235 patients with Colles’ fracture |
Author |
6.8% |
– |
– |
18–86 years |
18–86 years |
No mention |
Mild disease in patients who developed DD after fracture. No DD progression after 20 months. |
Patri B [82] |
1986 |
France |
Cross-sectional study of 155 patients |
Author |
9% |
- |
- |
20-90 years |
20-90 years |
No mention |
Increased prevalence of DD with increasing age |
Guitian AQ [42] |
1988 |
Spain |
Cross sectional study of 1,455 undergoing general medical examinations |
Author |
9.9% |
– |
– |
45–54 years |
45–54 years |
No mention |
No mention |
25.5% |
>75 years |
>75 years |
Eadington DW [24] |
1989 |
Edinburgh, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 266 type 1 diabetic patients |
Author |
24% smokers |
– |
– |
36–84 years |
36–84 years |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in diabetics and smokers |
Egawa T [93] |
1990 |
Japan |
Cross sectional study of 1,154 nursing home patients |
Author |
– |
19.7% |
9% |
Over 60 years |
Over 60 years |
No mention |
No mention |
French PD [33] |
1990 |
London, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 50 male AIDS patients |
Genito-Urinary Physician |
– |
6% |
– |
23–56 years |
– |
No mention |
No significance of HIV on DD. |
Bower M [13] |
1990 |
London, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 50 male HIV infected patients |
Physician |
– |
36% |
– |
19–54 years |
– |
No mention |
Significant impact of HIV on DD. |
Eadington DW [25] |
1991 |
Edinburgh, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 200 type 2 diabetic patients |
Experienced observer |
24% |
– |
– |
36–84 years |
36–84 years |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in diabetes and in smokers |
Thomas PR [100] |
1992 |
Middlesbrough, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 500 claimants with vibration white finger. |
Author |
13.6% |
– |
– |
>45 years |
>45 years |
No mention |
Positive correlation between DD and vibration white finger. |
Arafa M [3] |
1992 |
Manchester, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 484 patients in 2 epileptic centers |
Author |
12% and 38% |
13% and 44% |
11% and 28% |
<30 to >70 years |
<30 to >70 years |
No mention |
Increased prevalence of DD with increasing age. No evidence to link DD and epilepsy |
Noble J [77] |
1992 |
Manchester UK |
Cross-sectional study of 50 patients with liver disease |
Author |
28% |
– |
– |
<30 to 70 years |
<30 to 70 years |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in patients with liver disease |
Kelly SA [47] |
1992 |
Derby, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 235 patients with Colles’ fracture |
Author |
8.5% |
– |
– |
47–79 years |
47–79 years |
15% had a positive family history |
25% consumed large amounts of alcohol; 5% taking anticonvulsant |
Lennox IAC [52] |
1993 |
Aberdeen, Scotland |
Cross-sectional study of 200 nursing home patients over 60 years. |
Author |
30% |
39% |
21% |
>60 years |
>60 years |
No mention |
No mention |
Bergenudd H [10] |
1993 |
Malmo, Sweden |
Longitudinal study of 574 people in community |
Author |
6% |
10% |
2% |
55 years |
55 years |
No mention |
Non except poor peripheral pulses. |
Bovenzi M [12] |
1994 |
Italy |
Cross-sectional study of 570 quarry drillers and stone carvers |
Author |
10% |
– |
– |
Mean age—39 years |
– |
No mention |
Increased risk in vibration exposed manual workers |
Renard E [88] |
1994 |
France |
Cross-sectional study of 120 diabetic patients |
Author |
35% type 1, 30% type 2 diabetes |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
Increased prevalence of DD in diabetics |
Chammas M [18] |
1995 |
France |
Cross-sectional study of 120 diabetic patients |
Author |
35% type 1 diabetics, 28% type 2 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
Increased prevalence of DD in diabetics, risk increases with longer duration of diabetes. |
Arkilla PE [7] |
1996 |
Finland |
Longitudinal study of 207 type 1 diabetic patients |
Author |
4% |
– |
– |
21–39 years |
21–39 years |
No mention |
DD risk increases with patients age and duration of DM. |
Dasgupta AK [20] |
1996 |
India |
Cross-sectional study of manual workers |
Author |
4% |
– |
– |
>21 years |
– |
No mention |
Vibration exposure increases risk of DD. |
Arkilla PE [6] |
1997 |
Finland |
Cross-sectional study of 139 type 2 diabetic patients |
Author |
14% |
– |
– |
49–73 years |
49–73 years |
No mention |
DD risk greater in diabetic patients. Prevalence equal in males and females. |
Gudmundsson KG [41] |
1999 |
Reykjavik, Iceland |
Cohort study of 2,165 inpatients |
Physician |
13.3% |
19.2% |
4.4% |
45–74 years |
45–74 years |
No mention |
Significant association between DD and manual work, smoking, fasting glucose level. |
Gudmundsson [40] |
2000 |
Reykjavik, Iceland |
Cohort study of 1,297 males in the community. |
Physician |
– |
19.2% |
– |
45–74 years |
– |
No mention |
Negative association between DD and joint complaints. |
Kilian O [49] |
2001 |
Germany |
Cross-sectional study of 172 patients with shoulder pathology |
Author |
2.9% |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
Similar histology in DD and frozen shoulder |
Smith SP [95] |
2001 |
UK |
Cross-sectional study of 58 patients with frozen shoulder |
3 surgeons |
52% |
– |
– |
Mean 54.9 years |
Mean 54.9 years |
7% of people with DD had first degree relative with DD. |
Increased prevalence of DD in frozen shoulder patients |
Omari A [79] |
2001 |
UK |
Cross-sectional study of 75 patients with frozen shoulder |
Author |
1.3% |
– |
– |
– |
– |
No mention |
No mention for DD |
Finsen V [31] |
2002 |
Finnmark, Norway |
Cross-sectional study 456 people in community. |
Surgeon |
7.5% |
11.9% |
1.5% |
>50 years |
>50 years |
Higher prevalence in family members in same niche |
No mention |
White HA [103] |
2003 |
Wales |
Observational study of 197 inpatients. |
Physician |
6.6% |
– |
– |
19–101 years |
19–101 years |
No mention |
No mention |
Ardic F [5] |
2003 |
Turkey |
Cross-sectional study of 78 type II diabetics |
Author |
21.8% |
– |
– |
46–70 years |
46–70 years |
No mention |
Diabetes is risk factor for DD |
Zerajic D [108] |
2004 |
Bosnia |
Cross-sectional study of 1,207 people in community appearing to look over 50 years. |
Medical student |
25% |
31% |
16% |
>50 years |
>50 years |
No mention |
Significant higher prevalence in diabetics. |
Geohagan JM [35] |
2004 |
West Midland, UK |
Cross-sectional study of 383,000 GP patients. |
GP |
0.2% |
0.15% |
0.05% |
24–97 years |
24–97 years |
No mention |
Diabetes is a strong risk factor for DD |
Khan AA [48] |
2004 |
Oxford, UK |
Review of National Morbidity Survey of 502,493 men |
GP |
Incidence rate 34.3 per 100,000 men |
– |
– |
40–84 years |
– |
No mention |
No mention |
Godtfredsen NS [36] |
2004 |
Denmark |
Cohort study of 7,254 subjects |
Trained nurse/med student |
11% |
16% |
7% |
20–93 years |
20–93 years |
No mention |
Alcohol and smoking risk factors |
Logan AJ [56] |
2005 |
UK |
Questionnaire survey of 1,100 climbers |
Patient |
19.5% |
19.5% |
– |
23–93 years |
– |
No mention |
No mention |
Burke FD [16] |
2007 |
UK |
Cross-sectional study of 97,537 miners |
Trained doctors |
8.1% |
8.1% |
– |
25–99 years |
– |
No mention |
Increased risk of DD in diabetics and increased age |
Lucas G [58] |
2008 |
France |
Cross-sectional study of 2,406 male civil servants. |
Physician |
– |
8.8% |
– |
Mean age 50.7 years |
– |
20% had family history of DD |
Manual work exposure appears to be associated with DD |