Relative gene expression in each sample. The relative gene expression levels, obtained by normalizing candidate gene expression levels to reference genes, were obtained from quantitative polymerase chain reactions. The dark-colored bars represent the data for Dupuytren’s disease samples, and the light colored bars represent the data for control samples. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differential gene expression for ADAM12, ALDH1A1, and IRX6 were observed in DD fat, which are marked with asterisk in the graphs. ADAM12 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain; ALDH1A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member; IRX6 iroquois homeoboxprotein 6; PRG4 proteoglycan 4; TNC tenascin C; POSTN periostin, osteoblast specific factor. The CT values for DD fascia (n = 4) were previously published in Shih et al. [39].