Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2009 Mar;7(1):50–59. doi: 10.2174/157015909787602797

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

©2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. (3) — Sagittal scheme of the rat brain illustrating hypocretinergic influences on the cerebral cortex and wakefulness-promoting structures. Hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) hypothalamic neurons send axons to both the cerebral cortex and neurochemically-specific neuronal groups projecting to the cortex, which are most involved in wakeulness maintenance and cortical activation. These groups are the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (RDo), cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) and peduculopontine tegmental (PPT) nuclei, dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA), histaminergic tuberomammilary nucleus (TMN) and cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) In the pontine tegmentum, Hcrt/Orx axons reach DOPT, where Hcrt/Orx enhance wakeulness, and also vRPO, where Hcrt/Orx suppress REM. Figure modified from [19].