. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 11.

Published in final edited form as: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Feb;96(2):446–459. doi: 10.1037/a0014156

Table 4.

Study 1 Age Differences: Observer Report

Conscientiousness facet	Young M (SD)	Middle M (SD)	Older M (SD)	d₁₂ (CI)	d₂₃ (CI)	d₁₃ (CI)	r (CI)
Industriousness	3.50 (0.56)	3.55 (0.53)	3.73 (0.39)	.10 (−.14, .35)	.38 (.16, 62)	.48 (.20, .75)	.19 (.07, .31)
Orderliness	3.50 (0.56)	3.53 (0.64)	3.63 (0.51)	.05 (−.20, .28)	.17 (−.08, 41)	.24 (−.02, .52)	.15 (.03, .27)
Impulse Control	3.61 (0.59)	3.69 (0.58)	3.91 (0.44)	.14 (−.11, .38)	.42 (.15, .68)	.59 (.30, .87)	.24 (.13, .35)
Reliability	3.99 (0.63)	4.05 (0.65)	4.29 (0.40)	.10 (−.14, .35)	.44 (.19, .69)	.58 (.31, .89)	.21 (.09, .32)
Conventionality	3.25 (0.62)	3.35 (0.64)	3.69 (0.44)	.16 (−.09, .39)	.60 (.34, .89)	.84 (.54, 1.14)	.29 (.18, .40)

Note. n = 76 for Young; n = 124 for Middle; n = 74 for Older; d₁₂ = standardized mean difference between middle age (40–59) and young age (20–39); d₂₃ = standardized mean difference between old age (60 and above) and middle age; d₁₃ = standardized mean difference between old-age and young-age groups; r = correlation with age; CI = 95% confidence intervals. Bold values indicate p < .05.