Table 3.
Covariate-adjusted Holter-based measurements significantly different between 5-year age groups using pairwise comparisonsa
| Age at T1 | T1 | T2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | T1:T2 | |
| Heart rate | |||
| <70 | 74 ± 1 | 74 ± 1 | 0.519 |
| 70–74 | 74 ± 1 | 73 ± 1 | 0.308 |
| >75 | 72 ± 1 | 70 ± 1 | 0.089 |
| All groups | 74 ± 1 | 73 ± 1 | 0.039 |
| Number of APCsa | |||
| <70 | 30 [85] | 62 [188] | 0.001 |
| 70–74 | 52 [113] | 84 [189] | 0.004 |
| >75 | 68 [255] | 180 [625] | <0.001 |
| All groups | 42 [101] | 86 [217] | <0.001 |
| Number of VPCsa | |||
| <70 | 11 [78] | 15 [125] | 0.206 |
| 70–74 | 12 [59] | 31 [207] | 0.002 |
| >75 | 18 [108] | 52 [332] | 0.096 |
| All groups | 12 [78] | 25 [175] | 0.001 |
| ln ULF | |||
| <70 | 9.5 ± 0.04 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
| 70–74 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 0.010 |
| >75 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 0.986 |
| All groups | 9.4 ± 0.04 | 9.4 ± 0.04 | 0.004 |
| ln VLF | |||
| <70 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| 70–74 | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 0.042 |
| >75 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 0.580 |
| All groups | 6.9 ± 0.04 | 6.8 ± 0.04 | 0.001 |
| ln LF | |||
| <70 | 6.0 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| 70–74 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 0.137 |
| >75 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 0.458 |
| All groups | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 0.002 |
| Normalised LF | |||
| <70 | 66 ± 1 | 63 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| 70–74 | 65 ± 1 | 61 ± 1 | 0.000 |
| >75 | 63 ± 1 | 60 ± 2 | 0.007 |
| All groups | 65 ± 1 | 61 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| ln HF | |||
| Group 1 <70 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 0.026 |
| Group 2 70–74 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 0.477 |
| Group 3 <75 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 0.481 |
| All groups | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 0.991 |
| Normalised HF | |||
| <70 | 22 ± 1 | 23 ± 1 | 0.014 |
| 70–74 | 22 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| >75 | 23 ± 1 | 25 ± 1 | 0.188 |
| All groups | 22 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | <0.001 |
| LF/HF ratio | |||
| <70 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 0.001 |
| 70–74 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 0.000 |
| >75 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 0.005 |
| All groups | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Power-law slope | |||
| <70 | −1.28 ± 0.01 | −1.31 ± 0.01 | 0.003 |
| 70–74 | −1.30 ± 0.01 | −1.34 ± 0.01 | 0.002 |
| >75 | −1.34 ± 0.02 | −1.38 ± 0.02 | 0.059 |
| All groups | −1.31 ± 0.01 | −1.34 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| DFA1 | |||
| <70 | 1.11 ± 0.01 | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 0.005 |
| 70–74 | 1.09 ± 0.02 | 1.03 ± 0.02 | 0.000 |
| >75 | 1.08 ± 0.02 | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 0.021 |
| All groups | 1.09 ± 0.01 | 1.05 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Turbulence onset | |||
| <70 | −0.014 ± 0.002 | −0.014 ± 0.002 | 0.979 |
| 70–74 | −0.012 ± 0.002 | −0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.047 |
| >75 | −0.016 ± 0.003 | −0.008 ± 0.003 | 0.040 |
| All groups | −0.014 ± 0.001 | −0.009 ± 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Turbulence slope | |||
| <70 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 0.182 |
| 70–74 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 0.022 |
| >75 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 0.121 |
| All groups | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 0.003 |
aGrouped by age at time T1: <70 (n = 256); 70–74 (n = 207); >75 (n = 90).
*P-values based on ln transformed values.
See the Table 1 legend for HRV definitions. P < 0.05 in bold.