Table 3.
Age association with gait parameters in ranges of motion and kinetics for rotations of lower extremities about the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) axes of proximal joints
| For rotations about medial-lateral (ML) axes of lower extremities (extension and flexion) |
For rotations about medial-lateral (AP) axes of lower extremities (abduction and adduction) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) * |
β ** (95% CI) |
P value | Mean (SD) * |
β ** (95% CI) |
P value | ||
| Range of motion, degree | |||||||
| Hip | 39.17 (5.44) |
−0.0819 (−0.2190, 0.0552) |
0.242 | 9.70 (2.55) |
−0.0990 (−0.1704, −0.0276) |
0.007 | |
| Knee | 52.63 (7.305) |
0.0169 (−0.2132, 0.2470) |
0.885 | 12.07 (4.41) |
−0.1558 (−0.3016, 0.0100) |
0.036 | |
| Ankle | 24.03 (3.99) |
−0.1403 (−0.2671, −0.0135) |
0.030 | 8.66 (2.30) |
−0.0829 (−0.1624, 0.0035) |
0.041 | |
| Peak moment, Nm/kg | |||||||
| Hip | 1.21 (0.21) |
0.0027 (−0.0027, 0.0081) |
0.329 | 0.87 (0.10) |
−0.0013 (−0.0045, 0.0020) |
0.444 | |
| Knee | 0.68 (0.18) |
0.0031 (−0.0028, 0.0091) |
0.303 | 0.46 (0.13) |
−0.0038 (−0.0081, 0.0006) |
0.090 | |
| Ankle | 1.05 (0.23) |
0.0000 (−0.0077, 0.0078) |
0.994 | 0.16 (0.05) |
0.0001 (−0.0015, 0.0013) |
0.875 | |
| Peak power, J/kg sec | |||||||
| Hip | 1.39 (0.39) |
0.0112 (0.0032, 0.0191) |
0.006 | 0.53 (0.18) |
−0.0043 (−0.0098, 0.0012) |
0.122 | |
| Knee | 1.60 (0.50) |
0.0154 (0.0012, 0.0296) |
0.034 | 0.17 (0.08) |
−0.0020 (−0.0046, 0.0007) |
0.143 | |
| Ankle | 1.66 (0.564) |
−0.0036 (−0.0192, 0.0119) |
0.649 | 0.13 (0.06) |
−0.0018 (−0.0034, 0.0002) |
0.026 | |
| Total generative MWE, J/kg | |||||||
| Hip | 0.28 (0.08) |
0.0028 (0.0008, 0.0049) |
0.007 | 0.09 (0.04) |
−0.0013 (−0.0024, −0.0003) |
0.014 | |
| Knee | 0.11 (0.00) |
0.0013 (−0.0003, 0.0028) |
0.113 | 0.01 (0.01) |
−0.0002 (−0.0005, 0.0001) |
0.246 | |
| Ankle | 0.17 (0.01) |
−0.0010 (−0.0026, 0.0005) |
0.194 | 0.02 (0.01) |
0.0000 (−0.0004, 0.0003) |
0.788 | |
| Total absorptive MWE, J/kg | |||||||
| Hip | −0.24 (0.09) |
0.0014 (−0.0013, 0.0042) |
0.299 | −0.06 (0.03) |
−0.0001 (−0.0010, 0.0008) |
0.880 | |
| Knee | −0.35 (0.09) |
−0.0019 (−0.0045, 0.0006) |
0.134 | −0.03 (0.01) |
0.0003 (−0.0001, 0.0007) |
0.155 | |
| Ankle | −0.15 (0.05) |
0.0000 (−0.0019, 0.0018) |
0.995 | −0.01 (0.01) |
−0.0000 (−0.0002, 0.0002) |
0.792 | |
*
Standard Deviation
**
Estimated coefficient for the linear model
All linear models for kinematics are adjusted for walking speed, sex, height, and weight
All linear models for kinetics (already normalized by mass) are adjusted for walking speed, sex, and height