Table 2.

Survival Analyses of Substance Use Initiation from Grade 5 to Grade 12 with Deviant Peer Association as a Time-varying Covariate

	Tobacco		Alcohol		Illicit Drugs
	β	β	β	β	β	β
Assigned Intervention	−.10**	−.11*	−.07*	−.07*	−.09†	−.09†
Sex of Child	.01	−.01	−.04	−.05	−.11†	−.14*
Intervention × Sex	.03	.04	.03	.04	.03	.05
Parents’ Drinking	.03	.04	.14***	.14***	.13**	.12**
Deviant Peer Assoc.	2.89***	2.93***	1.29***	1.32***	2.96***	3.03***
School Aggression T1	−.04	−.03	−.01	−.01	.01	.02
Problem Solving T1	−.27***	−.21**	−.18**	−.17**	−.26**	−.21*
School Aggression T2		−.03		−.03		−.13
Problem Solving T2		−.19**		−.03		−.17*
ΔLR χ2	180.79***	6.69*	89.24***	1.31	142.75***	8.78**

^Δ= Change;

^***p < .001;

^**p < .01;

^*p < .05;

^†p < .10