Table 4.

Risk of postpartum anal incontinence among 152 women who had non-extending episiotomies (second degree surgical incisions) compared with 156 women with second degree spontaneous perineal lacerations

Outcome	Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI)	Restricted odds ratio† (95% CI)
Faecal incontinence:
At 3 months	3.1 (1.1 to 9.0)	3.0 (0.7 to 12.7)
At 6 months	2.4 (0.6 to 9.8)	2.0 (0.3 to 12.6)
Flatus incontinence:
At 3 months	1.7 (1.0 to 3.0)	1.9 (0.9 to 3.8)
At 6 months	1.7 (0.9 to 3.2)	2.7 (1.2 to 6.1)

^*Adjusted for maternal age, infant birth weight, and duration of second stage of labour. 

^†Analysis restricted to women with no complication of labour and no use of instrumentation (forceps, vacuum extractor). Odds ratio adjusted for maternal age, infant birth weight, and duration of second stage of labour.