Figure 4. Curcumin-induces ROS formation.

Cells were labelled with the ROS-specific labeling dye H₂DCFDA before they were treated for 45 min with 25 µM curcumin or not treated. To block mitochondrial ROS production the uncoupler agent FCCP was used. After treatment, cells were lysed and fluorescence was determined at excitation 485 nm and emission 520 nm. For each treatment unlabelled cells served as the negative control. Shown are the mean±SD of 3 independent experiments. *** = p<0.001, ** = p<0.01 and ^### = p<0.001 compared to untreated - FCCP.