Figure 6. GSK-3β-inhibitors block curcumin-induced apoptosis.

Cells were treated with 25 µM curcumin in the presence or absence of the GSK-3β activity inhibitors LiCl (A) or BIO-Acetoxime (B). Negative controls included untreated cells and cells treated only with z-FAD-fmk. After 24 hours, all cells were collected and stained with Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide and quadrant analysis after flow cytometry was performed. Shown are the mean±SD of the living, early and late apoptotic cell fractions from 3 independent experiments, *** = p<0.001, ** = p<0.01 and * = p<0.05 compared to 25 µM curcumin.