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. 2009 Aug 20;4(8):e6688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006688

Figure 11. Ceramide Induces Caspase-Independent Fibroblast Apoptosis.

Figure 11

Cells were seeded and treated with 100 µM ceramide, 500 µM DIDS, the combination, or were left untreated. A–D) Cell morphology after 24 hours of treatment. E) Flow cytometry data. Cells were collected and stained with Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide and quadrant analysis after flow cytometry was performed. Shown are the mean±SD from the living, early and late apoptotic cell fractions from 3 independent experiments. F) Caspase-3 and -7 activity were measured using a fluorescence based commercial assay. The fluorescence values in the untreated group were stated as 100% and the other values were normalized accordingly. Shown are the mean±SD from 3 independent experiments, * = p<0.05 *** = p<0.001 and ** = p<0.01 compared to 100 µM ceramide.