Copy numbers of functional genes involved in nitrogen cycling per gram of soil under different fertilizing regimens (unamended control, C+U, straw, S+U, manure, and M+U) at three different plant development stages (EC30, young leaf development [□]; EC60, flowering [▪]; and EC90, senescence [░⃞]). (A) nifH; (B) amoA (AOB); (C) amoA (AOA); (D) nirK; (E) nirS.