Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Without Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms in Different Treatment Arms of Both Trials
| Estrogen trial | Estrogen plus progestin trial | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo (n = 2808) |
Estrogen (n = 2741) |
P value* | Placebo (n = 4788) |
Estrogen plus progestin (n = 5052) |
P value* | |
| Age at screening (y) | ||||||
| 50–59 | 824 ± 29.3 | 844 ± 30.8 | 1573 ± 32.9 | 1678 ± 33.2 | ||
| 60–69 | 1289 ± 45.9 | 1216 ± 44.4 | 2145 ± 44.8 | 2279 ± 45.1 | ||
| 70–79 | 695 ± 24.8 | 681 ± 24.8 | .43 | 1070 ± 22.3 | 1095 ± 21.7 | .72 |
| Race or ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| American Indian | 15(0.5) | 20(0.7) | 17(0.4) | 12 (0.2) | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 45(1.6) | 53(1.9) | 122(2.5) | 137(2.7) | ||
| Black or African American | 429(15.3) | 389(14.2) | 307 (6.4) | 308 (6.1) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 113(4.0) | 129(4.7) | 171(3.6) | 198 (3.9) | ||
| White | 2164(77.1) | 2115(77.2) | 4113 (85.9) | 4324 (85.6) | ||
| Other | 42(1.5) | 35(1.3) | .44 | 58(1.2) | 73(1.4) | .60 |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
| 0–8 y | 61(2.2) | 69(2.5) | 75(1.6) | 77(1.5) | ||
| Some high school (9–11 y) | 139(5.0) | 158(5.8) | 162 (3.4) | 184(3.7) | ||
| High school diploma or GED | 587(21.0) | 578(21.3) | 892 (18.8) | 870(17.3) | ||
| School after high school | 1217(43.6) | 1173(43.2) | 1755 (36.9) | 1975 (39.3) | ||
| College degree or higher | 789(28.2) | 736(27.1) | .51 | 1871 (39.3) | 1925 (38.3) | .10 |
| Income, n (%) | ||||||
| <$10,000 | 176(6.6) | 172(6.7) | 207 (4.6) | 229 (4.8) | ||
| $10,000–$19,999 | 501 (18.9) | 490 (19.0) | 582 (12.9) | 643 (13.4) | ||
| $20,000–$34,999 | 757(28.5) | 748 (28.9) | 1205 (26.6) | 1333(27.7) | ||
| $35,000–$49,999 | 546 (20.6) | 493(19.1) | 982 (21.7) | 1044(21.7) | ||
| $50,000–$74,999 | 413(15.5) | 415(16.1) | 865 (19.1) | 873(18.2) | ||
| ≥$75,000 | 263 (9.9) | 267(10.3) | .85 | 685(15.1) | 682 (14.2) | .51 |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||||
| Never smoked | 1434(51.6) | 1429(52.6) | 2392 (50.5) | 2578(51.4) | ||
| Past smoker | 1051 (37.8) | 1032 (38.0) | 1852 (39.1) | 1923 (38.4) | ||
| Current smoker | 294 (10.6) | 257(9.5) | .37 | 488 (10.3) | 511 (10.2) | .68 |
| Physical activity, n(%) | ||||||
| None | 483 (19.0) | 493(19.5) | 693(15.4) | 756 (16.6) | ||
| Some | 1164 (45.8) | 1117(44.2) | 1900 (42.2) | 1903 (41.8) | ||
| 2 to <4 episodes/wk | 360(14.2) | 403 (16.0) | 709(15.7) | 752 (16.5) | ||
| 4 episodes/wk | 533(21.0) | 512(20.3) | .28 | 1201 (26.7) | 1146(25.1) | .17 |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||
| Underweight (<21) | 118(4.2) | 107 (3.9) | 369 (7.8) | 380 (7.6) | ||
| Normal (21 to <25) | 581 (20.9) | 621(22.8) | 1362 (28.6) | 1424 (28.3) | ||
| Overweight (25–30) | 987 (35.5) | 952 (34.9) | 1648 (34.6) | 1729 (34.4) | ||
| Class 1 obesity (>30–35) | 648(23.3) | 581(21.3) | 847 (17.8) | 956 (19.0) | ||
| Class 2 obesity (>35–40) | 294 (10.6) | 293(10.8) | 354 (7.4) | 381 (7.6) | ||
| Class 3 obesity (>40) | 155(5.6) | 171(6.3) | .28 | 179(3.8) | 153 (3.0) | .31 |
| Waist circumference (cm), n (%) | ||||||
| <70 | 119(4.3) | 143(5.2) | 402 (8.4) | 399 (7.9) | ||
| 70 to <80 | 587(21.0) | 588(21.5) | 1319(27.6) | 1431 (28.4) | ||
| 80 to <88 | 596(21.3) | 602 (22.0) | 1141 (23.9) | 1176(23.4) | ||
| 88 to <98 | 738(26.4) | 647(23.7) | 971 (20.4) | 1033 (20.5) | ||
| 98 to <114 | 601(21.5) | 611(22.3) | 757 (15.9) | 810(16.1) | ||
| ≥114 | 156(5.6) | 143(5.2) | .15 | 181 (3.8) | 185(3.7) | .88 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, n (%) | ||||||
| <0.71 | 136 (4.9) | 154(5.6) | 328 (6.9) | 300 (6.0) | ||
| 0.71 to <0.77 | 503 (18.0) | 511(18.7) | 1160 (24.4) | 1201 (23.9) | ||
| 0.77 to <0.82 | 726(26.0) | 755(27.6) | 1281 (26.9) | 1457 (29.0) | ||
| 0.82 to <0.87 | 673(24.1) | 603(22.1) | 1037 (21.8) | 1095 (21.8) | ||
| 0.87 to <0.95 | 608(21.8) | 577(21.1) | 766 (16.1) | 766(15.2) | ||
| ≥0.95 | 149(5.3) | 131 (4.8) | .24 | 188 (3.9) | 207 (4.1) | .13 |
| Prior menopausal hormones use, n (%) | ||||||
| Never used | 1400 (49.9) | 1436(52.4) | 3609 (75.4) | 3737 (74.0) | ||
| Past user | 1018(36.3) | 930 (33.9) | 866 (18.1) | 975(19.3) | ||
| Current user | 388 (13.8) | 375(13.7) | .14 | 311 (6.5) | 337 (6.7) | .26 |
| Gallbladder disease or gallstones, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2282 (81.9) | 2233 (81.9) | 4171(87.5) | 4453 (88.5) | ||
| Yes | 504 (18.1) | 493 (18.1) | 1.00 | 594 (12.5) | 577 (11.5) | .13 |
| Antacid use, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2747 (97.8) | 2681 (97.8) | 4663 (97.4) | 4903(97.1) | ||
| Yes | 61(2.2) | 60(2.2) | .97 | 125(2.6) | 149(2.9) | .31 |
| H-2 antagonist use, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2724(97.0) | 2677(97.7) | 4703(98.2) | 4955 (98.1) | ||
| Yes | 84 (3.0) | 64(2.3) | .13 | 85(1.8) | 97(1.9) | .59 |
| Proton pump inhibitor use, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2781 (99.0) | 2701 (98.5) | 4750(99.2) | 5018 (99.3) | ||
| Yes | 27(1.0) | 40(1.5) | .09 | 38 (0.8) | 34(0.7) | .48 |
BMI, body mass index; GED, General Educational Development.
*
P value of chi-square test for trend was based on ordinal categorical values.