VpsS activates vps expression. (A) Expression of vpsL in a vpsLp-lacZ reporter strain harboring either the vector pBAD (open bars) or pvpsS (filled bars). Overnight cultures were diluted 1:500 and grown for 3 or 24 h in LB medium supplemented with ampicillin and 0.2% arabinose. (B) Expression of vpsL in wild-type (Wt), ΔvpsV, ΔvpsS, and ΔvpsV ΔvpsS strains harboring a single copy of the vpsLp-lacZ reporter grown to exponential phase in LB medium. (C) Expression of vpsL in wild-type, ΔvpsV, and ΔvpsS strains carrying a vpsLp-lacZ reporter fusion harboring either the vector pBAD, pvpsV, or pvpsS. The error bars indicate standard deviations of eight technical replicates. The results of one representative experiment of four biological replicates are shown.