Table 2. Genes involved in vibration signaling in bees and Parkinson's disease in Human.

Honey bee gene#	Honey bee gene name	Drosophila ortholog	Human ortholog	V+/V−	Parkinson's disease characteristics
GB15202*	/	dj-1β	DJ-1	↓	Mutation in DJ-1 causes autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism [38]
GB19379*	/	/	SUMO-1	↓	DJ-1 interacts with SUMO-1 to be fully active [39]
GB18477*	/	courtless	UBC7	↓	UBC7 interacts with Parkin [40] responsible for autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism [41]
GB30031	Dop1	DopR	/	↓	Low level of dopamine [42]
GB16377	Eaat	/	EAAT2	↑	Increased glutamate signaling [43]

Downregulation of dj-1β has been confirmed by qRT-PCR (Fig. 1). ^*indicates genes also regulated by manganese treatment in bees [25].