Noncoding genes of the Xic. The large noncoding elements Xist, Tsix, and Xite are now well established as regulators of XCI. More recently, shorter internal transcription units have been identified from the larger loci. These include the “sense” locus RepA and the bidirectionally transcribed locus DXPas34. The regions responsible for X-chromosome pairing, counting/choice, and spreading/silencing are shown above the map.