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. 2009 Jul 4;24(9):1012–1017. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1044-3

Table 3.

Association of Variation in Error Disclosure (Designed and Viewer Perceived) and Outcomes

	Full apology and responsibility (A+R+)	Incomplete apology or responsibility (A^o/R^o)	Neither apology nor responsibility (A−R−)	P-value for chi-square test
Good handling of incident	57%	45%	51%	P = 0.05
Good handling of incident	56%	44%	32%	P < 0.001
Positive perception of physician	48%	42%	47%	P = 0.40
Positive perception of physician	58%	40%	21%	P < 0.001
Negative emotional response	51%	49%	53%	P = 0.83
Negative emotional response	40%	56%	64%	P < 0.001
Trust in physician	71%	59%	64%	P = 0.08
Trust in physician	81%	52%	38%	P < 0.001
Having physician as own doctor	21%	15%	17%	P = 0.38
Having physician as own doctor	25%	10%	8%	P < 0.001
Referral to physician	18%	17%	19%	P = 0.85
Referral to physician	25%	11%	8%	P < 0.001
Sue physician	39%	47%	41%	P = 0.19
Sue physician	43%	46%	47%	P = 0.65

Unbolded text: Designed variation

Bolded text: Viewer perception