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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Apr;108(4 Suppl 1):S66–S72. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.026

Table 4.

Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Glycemia and CVD Risk Factors

DPPa (n = 1079) Look:AHEADb (n = 2496)
HbA1c (%) N/Ac −0.64 ± 0.02d
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) N/A c −21.5 ± 0.9d
Blood Pressure (mmHg)
  Systolic −3.3 ± 0.5d −6.8 ± 0.4d
  Diastolic −3.8 ± 0.3d −3.0 ± 0.2d
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) NS −5.2 ± 0.6
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) +1.0d +3.4 ± 0.2d
Triglycerides (mg/dl) −25.4d −30.3 ± 2.0d
a

Mean follow-up of ~ 3.0 years (ref 3,17)

b

Mean follow-up 1 year (ref 4, 7)

c

N/A= specific results not available, however for approximate results, see figure 3 (ref 3)

d

< 0.001 compared with control group; To convert mg/dl glucose to mmol/L, multiply mg/dl by 0.05551; To convert mg/dl LDL or HDL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.02586; To convert mg/dl triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0112.