Rapamycin pretreatment reduces mossy fiber sprouting after kainate-induced seizures. Timm's staining shows mossy fiber staining from control (Cont) rats that did not receive kainate (A; KA) and vehicle-pretreated (B; Veh) and rapamycin-pretreated (C; Rap) rats 28 d after kainate-induced status epilepticus. A1–C1 are higher magnification of boxed regions in A–C, respectively. m, Molecular layer; g, granule cell layer. D, Quantitative analysis demonstrates a significant decrease in Timm's score in rapamycin-pretreated rats compared with vehicle-pretreated rats after kainate-induced status epilepticus. Scale bars: A–C, 200 μm; A1–C1, 50 μm. ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA (n = 3 in control rats; n = 6 in kainate-treated rats).