Table 4.

Selected Therapies Under Investigation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome^*

Drug	Risk Factor	Study Phase	No. of Studies
Azacitidine combination	All MDS	I – III	16
Lonafarnib monotherapy	All MDS	II	9
Arsenic trioxide monotherapy or in combination	All MDS	I, II	9
TLK199 monotherapy	All MDS	I, II, IIa	8
Etanercept combination	All MDS	I, II	4
Alemtuzumab monotherapy and combination	All MDS	Pilot	3
SGN-33 plus lenalidomide	All MDS	I	3
Curcumin and gingeral	All MDS	Pilot	1
Cytarabine plus 17-allylamino-17-dernethoxygeldanamycin	All MDS	I	1
Sorafenib monotherapy	All MDS	II	1
Interleukin-2 monotherapy	All MDS	I	1
Prinomastat monotherapy	All MDS	II	1
Calcitrol plus dexamethasone	All MDS	II	1
PXD101 monotherapy	All MDS	II	1
VPA monotherapy or plus decitabine	MDS and AML	Pilot, II	3
VEGF monotherapy	High-grade MDS	I, II	10
Ara-C LDAC plus tipifarnib	High-risk MDS	I/II	1
ATRA plus MGCD0103 plus azacitidine	High-risk MDS	I, II	2
VNP40101M monotherapy	High-risk MDS	II	1
Fludarabine combination	Advanced MDS	II	4
CPX-351 monotherapy	Advanced MDS	I	1
Clofarabine monotherapy or combination	Acute MDS	II	7
AMG 531 monotherapy	Low- to intermediate-risk MDS	I, II	5
Vorinostat monotherapy: - plus decitabine - plus AraC plus etoposide	Low- to intermediate I-risk MDS Refractory relapse MDS	I, II I	2 1
Co-enzyme Q10 monotherapy	Low- to intermediate I-risk MDS	Pilot	1
CC-11006 monotherapy	Low- and intermediate I-risk MDS	I	2
Panhematin® monotherapy	Low- to intermediate I-risk MDS	II	1
Lenalidomide monotherapy or combination	MDS with primary or secondary non-5q deletion	I, II	7
Thalidomide monotherapy or combination	Idiopathic myelofibrosis or MDS overlap	II	5
GX15-70-MS obatoclax mesylate monotherapy	Untreated MDS	II	3
Cytosine arabinoside plus mitoxantrone plus flavopiridol	Poor-risk AML/MDS	I	1
MS-275 plus sargramostim	Relapse and refractory MDS	II	1
Sunitinib malate monotherapy	Intermediate II- to high-risk MDS	II	1

^*MDS foundation, ClinicalTrials.gov