TABLE 3.

Risk of infant clefts among mothers who reported binge-level drinking before pregnancy compared with nondrinkers,^* by first-trimester drinking status, Norway, 1996–2001

Average alcohol consumption before pregnancy	Average alcohol consumption during pregnancy	Cases		Controls		Unadjusted		Adjusted †
		No.	%	No.	%	OR‡	95% CI‡	OR	95% CI
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
None	None	36	24	65	25	1.0	Referent	1.0	Referent
≥5 drinks per sitting	None	70	46	135	53	0.9	0.6, 1.5	0.9	0.4, 1.7
	<5 drinks	25	17	40	16	1.1	0.6, 2.2	0.8	0.4, 1.9
	≥5 drinks/1–2 sittings	10	7	10	4	1.8	0.7, 4.8	1.3	0.4, 4.2
	≥5 drinks/≥3 sittings	10	7	6	2	3.0	1.0, 9.0	3.6	0.9, 14.6
Cleft palate only
None	None	26	31	65	25	1.0	Referent	1.0	Referent
≥5 drinks per sitting	None	36	42	135	53	0.7	0.4, 1.2	0.7	0.3, 1.5
	<5 drinks	14	17	40	16	0.9	0.4, 1.9	1.1	0.4, 3.0
	≥5 drinks/1–2 sittings	7	8	10	4	1.8	0.6, 5.1	2.2	0.6, 8.1
	≥5 drinks/≥3 sittings	2	2	6	2	0.8	0.2, 4.4	1.7	0.2, 12.6

^*The referent group consisted of mothers who abstained from alcohol both before and during the first trimester (cases: n = 62; controls: n = 65).

^†Adjusted for child's year of birth, mother's age group, prenatal smoking, education, household income, and family history of clefts.

^‡OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.