TABLE 3.
Average alcohol consumption before pregnancy | Average alcohol consumption during pregnancy | Cases |
Controls |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted † |
||||
No. | % | No. | % | OR‡ | 95% CI‡ | OR | 95% CI | ||
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | |||||||||
None | None | 36 | 24 | 65 | 25 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
≥5 drinks per sitting | None | 70 | 46 | 135 | 53 | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.4, 1.7 |
<5 drinks | 25 | 17 | 40 | 16 | 1.1 | 0.6, 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.9 | |
≥5 drinks/1–2 sittings | 10 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 1.8 | 0.7, 4.8 | 1.3 | 0.4, 4.2 | |
≥5 drinks/≥3 sittings | 10 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 3.0 | 1.0, 9.0 | 3.6 | 0.9, 14.6 | |
Cleft palate only | |||||||||
None | None | 26 | 31 | 65 | 25 | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent |
≥5 drinks per sitting | None | 36 | 42 | 135 | 53 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.3, 1.5 |
<5 drinks | 14 | 17 | 40 | 16 | 0.9 | 0.4, 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.4, 3.0 | |
≥5 drinks/1–2 sittings | 7 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 1.8 | 0.6, 5.1 | 2.2 | 0.6, 8.1 | |
≥5 drinks/≥3 sittings | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0.8 | 0.2, 4.4 | 1.7 | 0.2, 12.6 |
The referent group consisted of mothers who abstained from alcohol both before and during the first trimester (cases: n = 62; controls: n = 65).
Adjusted for child's year of birth, mother's age group, prenatal smoking, education, household income, and family history of clefts.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.