Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics at Baseline for a Biracial Cohort of Adults According to Race- and Sex-specific Quintiles of Hip Circumference, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987–1989
| Variable | Quintile of Hip Circumference |
||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Total no. of participants | 2,126 | 2,170 | 2,256 | 2,028 | 2,187 |
| Male, % | 41 | 48 | 42 | 43 | 43 |
| Black, % | 25 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Hip circumference, mean (SD), cm* | 92.7 (3.7) | 98.8 (2.2) | 102.7 (2.4) | 107.6 (3.4) | 118.1 (9.3) |
| Black women, mean (SD) | 95.4 (4.3) | 103.0 (1.4) | 108.0 (1.3) | 114.2 (2.2) | 128.2 (9.3) |
| Black women, range | 79–100 | 101–105 | 106–110 | 111–118 | 119–179 |
| Black men, mean (SD) | 91.1 (4.1) | 97.6 (1.2) | 101.5 (1.1) | 106.0 (1.3) | 115.9 (10.2) |
| Black men, range | 59–95 | 96–99 | 100–103 | 104–108 | 109–192 |
| White women, mean (SD) | 91.7 (3.1) | 97.5 (1.1) | 101.9 (1.4) | 107.3 (1.7) | 119.0 (7.9) |
| White women, range | 56–95 | 96–99 | 100–104 | 105–110 | 111–158 |
| White men, mean (SD) | 93.3 (3.1) | 98.6 (1.1) | 102.0 (0.8) | 105.4 (1.1) | 113.0 (6.0) |
| White men, range | 61–96 | 97–100 | 101–103 | 104–107 | 108–165 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm* | 82.5 (7.9) | 89.7 (7.6) | 93.5 (8.2) | 99.5 (7.9) | 112.2 (11.9) |
| Waist-hip ratio, mean (SD)* | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.91 (0.07) | 0.91 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.95 (0.07) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2* | 22.3 (2.4) | 24.8 (2.3) | 26.3 (2.5) | 28.7 (2.8) | 33.9 (5.1) |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 53.9 (5.9) | 53.8 (5.5) | 53.6 (5.7) | 53.6 (5.6) | 53.6 (5.7) |
| ≥High school education, %* | 77 | 81 | 82 | 80 | 78 |
| Never drinker, %* | 21 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 27 |
| Alcohol consumption, mean (SD), g/day* | 7.3 (15.3) | 6.8 (13.7) | 6.3 (13.2) | 5.5 (11.7) | 5.1 (11.9) |
| Current smoker, %* | 38 | 27 | 22 | 21 | 17 |
| Score of <2 on the Baecke sport index, %* | 38 | 38 | 36 | 41 | 47 |
| Energy intake, mean (SD), Kcal/day | 1,613 (583) | 1,599 (565) | 1,585 (566) | 1,601 (562) | 1,626 (566) |
| Keys’ score, mean (SD)* | 41.6 (9.7) | 41.8 (9.2) | 42.3 (9.0) | 42.4 (8.9) | 43.3 (9.0) |
| Cereal fiber, mean (SD), g/day | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.6 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.1) |
| Fruit and vegetables, mean (SD), servings/day | 3.9 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.1) | 4.0 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.2) |
| Fruit, mean (SD), servings/day | 1.9 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.5) |
| Vegetables, mean (SD), servings/day | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL* | 131 (40) | 137 (39) | 138 (39) | 138 (38) | 139 (38) |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL* | 59 (19) | 54 (18) | 54 (16) | 51 (16) | 48 (14) |
| Triglycerides, mean (SD), mg/dL* | 105 (53) | 116 (59) | 117 (58) | 126 (65) | 133 (63) |
| Blood glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL* | 96 (9) | 98 (9) | 98 (9) | 99 (9) | 101 (9) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg* | 124 (20) | 125 (19) | 125 (18) | 127 (19) | 132 (19) |
| Hypertensive at baseline, %* | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 31 |
| Menopausal at baseline,a % | 59 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 |
| Use of hormone replacement therapy,a %* | 22 | 24 | 22 | 19 | 14 |
| Use of antihypertensive medication, %* | 15 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 28 |
| Use of cholesterol-lowering medication, % | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Family history of diabetes, %* | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 26 |
| Family history of CHD, % | 38 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 38 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.
*
P < 0.05.
a
Among 6,083 women in the study population.