Table 1.
Description of the Studies Included in the Meta-analysis by Ethnicity and Year of Publication
| First Author (Reference No.) | Year | No. of Cases | No. of Controls | Country | Mean Age of Cases, Years | Male Cases, % | Histology | Source of Controls | Matching Criteria |
| Asian studies | |||||||||
| Katoh (47) | 1999 | 47 | 122 | Japan | 64.6 (SD, 10.3) | 85 | SqCC = 51.1%, AC = 25.5%, SCC = 19.1%, LCC = 4.3% | Hospital | None |
| Kihara (48) | 1999 | 358 | 257 | Japan | 62.7 (range, 58–67) | 100 | SqCC = 33.3%, SCC = 20.4%, AC = 46.3% | Hospital | None |
| Kiyohara (41) | 2000 | 86 | 88 | Japan | 63.8 (range, 35–86) | 100 | AC = 45.5%, SqCC = 7.9%, SCC = 13.9%, LCC = 4.7%, others = 7.0% | Hospital | None |
| Lin (51) | 2003 | 198 | 332 | Taiwan | 64 (SD, 9) | 72.2 | AC = 53.0%, SCC = 42.0%, others = 5.0% | Hospital | None |
| Wang (60) | 2003 | 112 | 119 | China | 56.5 (range, 37–75; SD, 8.1) | 64.3 | AC = 100% | Healthy | Age and gender (frequency matching) |
| Chan-Yeung (44) | 2004 | 229 | 197 | China | 53.8 (SD, 14.3) | 67.2 | AC = 55.5%, SqCC = 16.6%, NSCLC = 19.2%, others = 8.7% | Healthy | Ethnicity |
| Chan (43) | 2005 | 75 | 162 | China | 63 (no range or SD) | 82 | AC = 58.7%, SqCC = 41.3% | Hospital | Sex and age |
| Liang (42) | 2005 | 227 | 227 | China | 62.5 (range, 31–86) | 74 | SqCC = 41.4%, AC = 58.6% | Hospital | Age, gender, and ethnicity (frequency matching) |
| White studies | |||||||||
| Ryberg (64) | 1997 | 138 | 297 | Norway | 62.3 (SD, 10.3) | 100 | NSCLC = 100% | Healthy | Age, smoking, and ethnicity |
| Harris (45) | 1998 | 178 | 199 | Australia | 66 (range, 38–91; SD, 9.1) | 69 | SqCC = 43.5%, AC = 18.2%, LCC = 7.7%, SCC = 7.1%, NSCLC = 1.9%, others = 21.6% | Healthy | None |
| Jourenkova-Mironova (46) | 1998 | 150 | 172 | France | 58.4 (no range or SD) | 93 | SqCC = 65.3%, SCC = 34.7% | Hospital | Age and gender (frequency matching) |
| Saarikoski (55) | 1998 | 206 | 293 | Finland | 62 (SD, 9) | 79.8 | SqCC = 45.2%, AC = 39.4%, others = 15.4% | Healthy | None |
| To-Figueras (59) | 1999 | 164 | 200 | Spain | 59 (range, 32–87) | 88.4 | SCC = 34.8%, SqCC = 31.7, AC = 25.6%, LCC = 7.9% | Healthy | Gender |
| Risch (63) | 2001 | 388 | 353 | Germany | 60.9 (range, 28–87) | 75.8 | SqCC = 44.0%, AC = 39.0%, LCC = 4.9%, SCC = 2.8%, others = 10.8% | Hospital | Ethnicity |
| Lewis (50) | 2002 | 93 | 151 | United Kingdom | 67.4 (SD, 10.4) | 63.8 | SCC = 16.1%, SqCC = 34.4%, AC = 10.9, others and nonclassified = 38.7% | Hospital | None |
| Stucker (58) | 2002 | 251 | 264 | France | 59.3 (SD, 9.6) | 100 | SqCC = 46.0%, SCC = 19%, AC = 24.0%, others = 11.0% | Hospital | Age, ethnicity, and gender (frequency matching) |
| Reszka (54) | 2003 | 138 | 165 | Poland | 59.7 (no range or SD) | 76.8 | SqCC = 44.2%, SCC = 25.4%, NSCLC = 17.4%, AC = 8.7%, others = 4.3% | Hospital | Age and gender (frequency matching) |
| Wang (61) | 2003 | 362 | 419 | United States | 60.9 (SD, 10.1) | 52.4 | Hospital | Age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking (frequency matching) | |
| Schneider (56) | 2004 | 446 | 622 | Germany | 64.4 (SD, 8.7) | 90.6 | SCC = 15.0%, LCC = 3.6%, AC = 25.1%, SqCC = 41.1%, others = 15.2% | Hospital | None |
| Larsen (49) | 2006 | 1,095 | 626 | Australia | 63.4 (SD, 9.4) | 71.9 | AC = 45.2%, SqCC = 45.1%, others = 9.7% | Hospital | Age and smoking |
| Miller (52) | 2006 | 1,921 | 1,343 | United States | 66 (no range or SD) | 49.7 | AC = 43.7%, SqCC = 21.4%, LCC = 7.3%, SCC = 9.2%, others = 18.4% | Healthy | None |
| Sorensen (57) | 2007 | 429 | 766 | Denmark | No mean age (range, 50–64) | 53 | SCC = 19%, AC = 32%, SqCC = 23%, others = 26% | Healthy | None |
| Other studies | |||||||||
| Perera (31) | 2002 | 85 | 163 | United States | 61.8 (SD, 7.7) | 100 | AC = 36.0%, SCC = 16.9%, SqCC = 21.3%, LCC = 9.0%, others = 16.8% | Healthy | Smoking, age, and duration of follow-up |
| Nazar-Stewart (53) | 2003 | 253 | 487 | United States | No mean age (range, 18–74) | 100 | SqCC = 29.6%, SCC = 19.0%, NSCLC = 12.0%, LCC = 3.3%, AC = 35.0%, others = 1.1% | Healthy | Age and gender (frequency matching) |
| Yang (62) | 2004 | 235 | 233 | United States | SqCC = 13.5%, SCC = 7.6%, NSCLC = 13.1%, AC = 52.3%, LCC = 3.8%, others = 9.7% | Hospital | None | ||
| Cote (39) | 2005 | 317 | 407 | United States | 42.1 (no range or SD) | 50 | SqCC = 11.7%, SCC = 13.2%, AC = 47.7%, LCC = 9.4%, NSCLC = 3.7%, others = 14.3% | Healthy | Race, sex, 5-year age group, and county of residence |
| Wenzlaff (40) | 2005 | 141 | 180 | United States | 62.4 (range, 40–84; SD, 13.9) | 57.8 | SqCC = 15.7%, SCC = 6.6%, AC = 54.2%, LCC = 7.2%, others = 16.3% | Healthy | Race, sex, county of residence, and age (frequency matching) |
Abbreviations: AC, adenocarcinoma; LCC, large-cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer; SCC, small-cell carcinoma; SD, standard deviation; SqCC, squamous-cell carcinoma.