TABLE 3.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for exogenous hormone use* associated with all non-Hodgkin lymphoma among women in a population-based case-control study, San Francisco Bay Area, California, 1988–1993†
| Characteristics of exogenous hormone use | Controls (n = 836) |
All cases (n = 581) |
OR | 95% CI | ||
| No. | % | No. | % | |||
| Use of exogenous hormones | ||||||
| No exogenous hormone use‡ | 211 | 25 | 174 | 30 | 1.0§ | |
| Type of exogenous hormones¶ | ||||||
| Non-OC, non-HT only | 12 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.33, 2.1 |
| Menopausal HT only | 212 | 25 | 163 | 28 | 0.96 | 0.72, 1.3 |
| OCs only | 231 | 28 | 140 | 24 | 0.68 | 0.49, 0.94 |
| Both OCs and HT | 168 | 20 | 95 | 16 | 0.68 | 0.49, 0.93 |
| OC use | ||||||
| Age at first use (years)# (quartiles) | ||||||
| <21 | 102 | 12 | 51 | 9 | 0.45 | 0.21, 0.97 |
| 21–<25 | 82 | 10 | 55 | 10 | 0.65 | 0.32, 1.3 |
| 25–<33 | 104 | 13 | 59 | 10 | 0.60 | 0.30, 1.2 |
| ≥33 | 105 | 13 | 61 | 11 | 0.69 | 0.37, 1.3 |
| p-trend | 0.72 | |||||
| Total years of use** | ||||||
| <1 | 90 | 11 | 49 | 9 | 0.44 | 0.18, 1.1 |
| 1–<5 | 146 | 18 | 90 | 16 | 0.54 | 0.25, 1.2 |
| 5–<10 | 89 | 11 | 54 | 10 | 0.58 | 0.27, 1.3 |
| ≥10 | 47 | 6 | 29 | 5 | 0.51 | 0.22, 1.2 |
| p-trend | 0.61 | |||||
| Calendar year of first use†† | ||||||
| ≥1970 | 112 | 13 | 79 | 14 | 0.62 | 0.22, 1.8 |
| <1970 | 281 | 34 | 147 | 25 | 0.43 | 0.15, 1.3 |
| p-trend | 0.03 | |||||
| Years since first use (quartiles)# | ||||||
| <20 | 89 | 15 | 67 | 17 | 0.82 | 0.42, 1.6 |
| 20–<25 | 104 | 17 | 67 | 17 | 0.67 | 0.35, 1.3 |
| 25–<28 | 94 | 16 | 46 | 12 | 0.50 | 0.24, 1.0 |
| ≥28 | 106 | 18 | 46 | 12 | 0.43 | 0.21, .89 |
| p-trend | 0.005 | |||||
| Years since last use (quartiles)# | ||||||
| <14 | 96 | 16 | 71 | 18 | 1.5 | 0.66, 3.4 |
| 14–<19.5 | 87 | 15 | 60 | 15 | 1.3 | 0.61, 2.9 |
| 19.5–<24 | 99 | 17 | 51 | 13 | 0.93 | 0.46, 1.9 |
| ≥24 | 100 | 17 | 41 | 10 | 0.68 | 0.36, 1.3 |
| p-trend | 0.005 | |||||
| Menopausal hormone use | ||||||
| Total years of use | ||||||
| <1 | 57 | 7 | 50 | 9 | 1.1 | 0.69, 1.6 |
| 1–<5 | 105 | 13 | 81 | 14 | 0.94 | 0.66, 1.3 |
| 5–<10 | 66 | 8 | 35 | 6 | 0.64 | 0.41, 1.0 |
| ≥10 | 145 | 17 | 83 | 14 | 0.68 | 0.48, 0.96 |
| p-trend | 0.05 | |||||
| Women exclusively using HT | ||||||
| Age at first use (years) (quartiles) | ||||||
| ≤41 | 50 | 12 | 36 | 11 | 0.88 | 0.55, 1.4 |
| >41–47 | 52 | 12 | 44 | 13 | 1.0 | 0.66, 1.6 |
| >47–52 | 55 | 13 | 43 | 13 | 0.97 | 0.61, 1.5 |
| >52 | 53 | 13 | 39 | 12 | 0.92 | 0.57, 1.5 |
| p-trend | 0.79 | |||||
| Age at last use (years) (quartiles) | ||||||
| <53 | 50 | 12 | 60 | 18 | 1.4 | 0.95, 2.2 |
| 53–<62 | 52 | 12 | 43 | 13 | 1.0 | 0.64, 1.6 |
| 62–<68 | 52 | 12 | 26 | 8 | 0.60 | 0.36, 1.0 |
| ≥68 | 56 | 13 | 31 | 9 | 0.67 | 0.40, 1.1 |
| p-trend | 0.04 | |||||
| Years since last use | ||||||
| ≤1.5 | 110 | 26 | 68 | 20 | 0.76 | 0.53, 1.1 |
| >1.5 | 100 | 24 | 92 | 28 | 1.2 | 0.80, 1.6 |
| p-trend | 0.63 | |||||
| Total years of use | ||||||
| <5 | 79 | 19 | 86 | 26 | 1.3 | 0.92, 1.9 |
| ≥5 | 129 | 31 | 72 | 22 | 0.68 | 0.48, 0.98 |
| p-trend | 0.09 | |||||
| Total years of use, years since last use | ||||||
| <5, >1.5 | 61 | 15 | 62 | 19 | 1.2 | 0.82, 1.9 |
| <5, ≤1.5 | 18 | 4 | 23 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.81, 3.0 |
| ≥5, >1.5 | 38 | 9 | 27 | 8 | 0.87 | 0.51, 1.5 |
| ≥5, ≤1.5 | 90 | 22 | 45 | 14 | 0.61 | 0.40, 0.93 |
Oral contraceptives (OCs) and non-OC hormones, including menopausal hormone therapy (HT).
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age group.
Referent for all analyses.
Referent.
Includes OC use; hormone use for menstrual problems, to inhibit lactation, to treat morning sickness.
Adjusted for age group and total number of years of OC use.
Adjusted for age group, lifetime number of sexual partners, and age at first use of OCs.
Adjusted for age group, lifetime number of sexual partners, age at first use of OCs, and total number of years of OC use.