Table 3.

Adjusted Difference in Mean Change in Performance-based Functioning From Baseline to the First and Second Follow-up Interviews in High- and Low-intensity Caregivers Versus Noncaregivers Among 901 Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Participants, 1999–2004

	Model Aa		Model Bb		Model Cc
	Estimate (SE)	P Value	Estimate (SE)	P Value	Estimate (SE)	P Value
Independent variables
Baseline to the first follow-up interview
Intercept	4.22 (1.42)	0.00	4.53 (1.65)	0.00	3.89 (1.39)	0.00
High-intensity caregiver vs. noncaregiver	−0.05 (0.21)	0.81	0.28 (0.31)	0.36	−0.22 (0.16)	0.19
Low-intensity caregiver vs. noncaregiver	0.14 (0.17)	0.40	0.20 (0.22)	0.36	0.12 (0.16)	0.46
Baseline to the second follow-up interview
Intercept	4.20 (1.42)	0.00	4.50 (1.65)	0.00	3.98 (1.38)	0.00
High-intensity caregiver vs. noncaregiver	0.03 (0.21)	0.89	0.38 (0.31)	0.23	−0.02 (0.18)	0.91
Low-intensity caregiver vs. noncaregiver	−0.33 (0.18)	0.07	−0.59 (0.24)	0.01	−0.53 (0.20)	0.01
Covariables
Performance at baseline	−0.29 (0.02)	<0.0001	−0.30 (0.03)	<0.0001	−0.28 (0.02)	<0.0001
Age at baseline	−0.03 (0.02)	0.07	−0.03 (0.02)	0.07	−0.03 (0.02)	0.06
African-American race	−0.33 (0.17)	0.06	−0.29 (0.20)	0.15	−0.32 (0.17)	0.06
Education: ≥high school graduate	−0.17 (0.10)	0.10	−0.20 (0.12)	0.09	−0.16 (0.10)	0.12
No. of IADL limitationsd	−0.26 (0.06)	<0.0001	−0.27 (0.06)	<0.0001	−0.20 (0.05)	<0.0001
Caregiver lives with care recipient	−0.29 (0.19)	0.13	−0.46 (0.29)	0.12
Caregiver has time away from caregivingd	−0.43 (0.21)	0.04			−0.32 (0.18)	0.08

Abbreviations: IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; SE, standard error.

^aCaregiving intensity status at the baseline interview only.

^bCaregiving intensity status at the first interview; includes only those participants whose status did not change from the first to the second interview.

^cCurrent caregiving intensity status at the first and second interview.

^dTime-dependent predictors in model C.