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. 2009 Jun 19;10(7):714–721. doi: 10.1038/embor.2009.142

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Interconvertible cellular states. The reprogramming of differentiated cells towards pluripotency by SCNT, cell fusion and reprogramming with the combination of either OSKM or OSNL. Transdifferentiation between somatic cell fates is seen in pathological situations (metaplasia) and can be experimentally induced by overexpression of factors such as MyoD, PRDM16, PDX1, MAFA, NGN3, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. A progenitor intermediate might be involved in these transitions. BAF60c, cardiac specific subunit of BAF chromatin-remodelling complexes; C/EBP, ccaat enhancer binding protein; ESC, embryonic stem cell; GATA4, GATA-binding protein 4; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; KLF4, kruppel-like factor 4; MyoD, myogenic differentiation 1; NGN3, neurogenin 3; OCT4, octamer 4; OSKM, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-Myc; OSNL, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, LIN28; PDX1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1; PRDM16, PR domain-containing protein 16; SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer; SOX2, SRY-box 2; TBX5, T-box 5.