Table 3.
Median score values and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index for the spine (BASRI-s), by quartile of occupational measures*
| Quartile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 (high) |
| Worker abilities | ||||
| Arm-hand steadiness | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (7, 11.5) | 9 (6.5, 12) | 8.75 (5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.21 (0.72–2.02) | 1.02 (0.61–1.70) | 1.14 (0.66–1.95) |
| Manual dexterity | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (5, 11) | 9 (6, 11) | 10 (8, 12) | 8 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.01 (0.60–1.68) | 1.54 (0.92–2.60) | 1.07 (0.62–1.84) |
| Multi-limb coordination | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11.25) | 9 (4, 11) | 8.5 (6, 12) | 9.25 (7, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.73 (0.44–1.21) | 0.87 (0.52–1.45) | 1.02 (0.58–1.79) |
| Speed of limb movement | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 8.5 (4.5, 12) | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (7, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.97 (0.57–1.67) | 1.05 (0.63–1.73) | 1.30 (0.76–2.22) |
| Static strength | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8.75 (6, 11) | 9 (4.5, 12) | 9.25 (7, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.22 (0.73–2.01) | 1.44 (0.86–2.41) | 1.50 (0.88–2.55) |
| Dynamic strength | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11.25) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (6, 11.5) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.12 (0.67–1.85) | 1.11 (0.67–1.84) | 1.38 (0.83–2.30) |
| Explosive strength‡ | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8.5 (6, 11) | 10 (7, 12) | 9 (6.25, 12) | |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.69 (1.06–2.70) | 1.08 (0.68–1.71) | |
| Trunk strength | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (6.75, 12) | 9 (5, 11) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.79 (1.07–2.99) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 1.20 (0.71–2.01) |
| Stamina | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (5, 11) | 9 (5, 12) | 9.5 (7, 11) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.23 (0.73–2.06) | 1.70 (1.02–2.82) | 1.49 (0.87–2.56) |
| Extent flexibility | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (5.5, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (5, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.28 (0.77–2.14) | 1.16 (0.70–1.90) | 1.75 (1.03–2.97) |
| Dynamic flexibility‡ | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8 (6, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 10 (7, 12) | |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.27 (0.80–2.02) | 1.56 (1.00–2.43) | |
| Gross body coordination | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (5, 11) | 8.5 (4.5, 12) | 10 (7, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.98 (0.58–1.64) | 1.65 (0.98–2.78) | 1.32 (0.80–2.19) |
| Gross body equilibrium | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.39 (0.82–2.34) | 1.40 (0.84–2.31) | 1.47 (0.87–2.48) |
| Work context | ||||
| Sitting | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6.5, 12) | 9 (6, 11.5) | 9 (5, 12) | 9 (6, 11.5) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.01 (0.59–1.70) | 0.98 (0.57–1.66) | 0.94 (0.55–1.67) |
| Standing | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (5.25, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.18 (0.70–1.97) | 1.29 (0.78–2.15) | 1.24 (0.72–2.13) |
| Walking or running | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11.5) | 9 (4, 12) | 8.75 (6, 11) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.90 (0.53–1.52) | 1.15 (0.68–1.93) | 1.07 (0.61–1.86) |
| Climbing | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8.5 (5, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 9.75 (7, 12) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.13 (0.68–1.90) | 1.10 (0.65–1.84) | 0.80 (0.46–1.39) |
| Kneeling, stooping, or crawling | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (5, 12) | 9 (6, 12) | 8.5 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.99 (0.60–1.62) | 1.37 (0.79–2.35) | 0.82 (0.46–1.45) |
| Bending or twisting | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11) | 10 (6.5, 12) | 8 (6, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.12 (0.67–1.87) | 0.97 (0.57–1.62) | 1.17 (0.68–2.01) |
| Balancing | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 12) | 8 (4, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (7, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.74 (0.44–1.23) | 1.13 (0.67–1.91) | 1.13 (0.63–2.00) |
| Using hands to feel or control objects | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9.5 (6, 12) | 8.5 (5, 11) | 9 (7, 12) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | 1.16 (0.69–1.96) | 0.97 (0.56–1.66) |
| Repetitive movements | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9.5 (6, 12) | 8.5 (5, 11) | 9 (7, 12) | 9 (6, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | 1.16 (0.69–1.96) | 0.97 (0.56–1.66) |
| Cramped spaces | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 9 (6, 11.5) | 8 (5, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (6.5, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.93 (0.55–1.56) | 0.97 (0.58–1.63) | 0.89 (0.51–1.52) |
| Whole body vibration | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8 (5, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (6, 11) | 10 (8, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.69 (0.99, 2.88) | 1.07 (0.64, 1.78) | 1.81 (1.05, 3.11) |
| Outdoor weather | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8.5 (4.5, 11) | 9.5 (7, 12) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (7, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 1.21 (0.73–2.01) | 0.88 (0.51–1.50) | 0.85 (0.49–1.47) |
| Extreme hot or cold | ||||
| Unadjusted median | 8.75 (4.5, 11.5) | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (7, 12) |
| Adjusted OR | 1.00† | 0.87 (0.52–1.43) | 0.96 (0.55–1.66) | 0.90 (0.50–1.58) |
*
Unadjusted medians listed as median (25th, 75th percentile); adjusted ORs listed as OR (95% confidence interval). Adjusted ORs are based on multivariable ordinal logistic regression models that included the covariates of age, sex, ethnicity, education level, pack-years of smoking, and family history of ankylosing spondylitis, and represent the likelihood that patients in a given quartile of an occupational measure will have a BASRI-s score at a level equal to or higher than patients in a lower quartile.
†
Reference group.
‡
Slightly more than 50% of patients had no jobs with a requirement for these abilities. The lower 2 quartiles were therefore collapsed, and only 3 categories of exposure were considered for analyses.