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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Neurol. 2009 May;8(5):491–500. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70061-4

Table.

Clinical studies of cell-based and pharmacological restorative therapies

Patients (n) Interventions Results
Phase I 12 NT2N cells; parenchymal implantation No cell-associated adverse effects 12-18 months after cell transplantation141
Phase II 18 NT2N cells; parenchymal implantation Safety and feasibility of neuron transplantation but no evidence of a substantial benefit on motor function142
Phase I/II 30 Autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cells; intravenous injection No adverse effects and functional improvement seen 1 year after cell transplantation143
Pilot 36 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor 1-10 μg/kg for one or five doses; subcutaneous injection Safety and feasibility 90 days after treatment144
Phase I Ongoing Sildenafil 150 mg; oral treatment Not yet available145

NT2N cells=Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells.