Table.
Clinical studies of cell-based and pharmacological restorative therapies
| Patients (n) | Interventions | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase I | 12 | NT2N cells; parenchymal implantation | No cell-associated adverse effects 12-18 months after cell transplantation141 |
| Phase II | 18 | NT2N cells; parenchymal implantation | Safety and feasibility of neuron transplantation but no evidence of a substantial benefit on motor function142 |
| Phase I/II | 30 | Autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cells; intravenous injection | No adverse effects and functional improvement seen 1 year after cell transplantation143 |
| Pilot | 36 | Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor 1-10 μg/kg for one or five doses; subcutaneous injection | Safety and feasibility 90 days after treatment144 |
| Phase I | Ongoing | Sildenafil 150 mg; oral treatment | Not yet available145 |
NT2N cells=Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells.