Table 3.
Results of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models Evaluating the Association of Body Mass Index and Vigorous Physical Activity to the Risk of Heart Failure Stratified According to Various Levels of Baseline Covariates
| No. of events/No. at risk (%) | Follow-Up, Person-y (Rate per 10000 Person-y) | Multivariable Hazardratio (95% CI)* | P for Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Body mass index as a continuous variable (per 1 kg/m2 increment) | ||||
| A. Age | ||||
| <50 years | 126/8704 (1.4) | 194,427 (6.5) | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) | 0.020 |
| 50–59.9 years | 405/7147 (5.7) | 150,136 (27.0) | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | |
| ≥60 years | 578/5243 (11.0) | 87,271 (66.2) | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | |
| B. Diabetes mellitus | <0.0001 | |||
| No | 1012/20,505 (4.9) | 422,477 (24.0) | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | |
| Yes | 97/589 (16.5) | 9178 (105.7) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | |
| II. Vigorous physical activity as a dichotomous variable | ||||
| A. Diabetes Mellitus | <0.001 | |||
| No | ||||
| Inactive (rarely/never) | 183/2675 (6.8) | 51,334 (35.6) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Active (≥1 to 3 times a month) | 829/17,830 (4.6) | 371,143 (22.3) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | |
| Yes | ||||
| Inactive (rarely/never) | 23/166 (13.9) | 2380 (96.6) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| Active (≥1 to 3 times a month) | 74/423 (17.5) | 6798 (108.9) | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) | |
Adjusted for cigarette smoking (never [referent], past only, and current), alcohol consumption (rarely/never, monthly, weekly, and daily [referent]), parental history of myocardial infarction, random assignment to aspirin or beta-carotene, and presence or absence of history of hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in all models, and additionally for diabetes mellitus and vigorous physical activity (rarely/never [referent], and ≥1-3 times a month) in model IA, age (per year increment) and vigorous physical activity in model IB, and age and body-mass index (per 1 kg/m2) in model IIA.