Table 1.
Sample characteristics, broken down by the primary outcome, substance use disorders – 1,421 participants in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods.
| Sample Distribution N (%)a (n=1,421) | Among those with SUDs at Wave III (n=283) n (%)b | Among those with SUDs at Wave III (n=1,138) n (%)b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wave I Demographics | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 696 (49.0) | 174 (25.0) | 522 (75.0) |
| Female | 725 (51.0) | 109 (15.0) | 616 (85.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 635 (44.8) | 119 (18.7) | 516 (81.3) |
| Black | 532 (37.4) | 107 (21.4) | 425 (78.6) |
| White | 199 (14.0) | 47 (23.6) | 152 (76.4) |
| Other | 55 (3.8) | 10 (18.2) | 45 (81.8) |
| Age Cohort | |||
| 12 | 811 (57.1) | 144 (17.8) | 667 (82.2) |
| 15 | 610 (42.9) | 139 (27.8) | 471 (26.8) |
| Wave I Parental and Family Characteristics | |||
| Standardized mean Family Conflict score (SD) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.17 (1.05) | −0.04 (0.98) |
| Median: −0.35 | Median: 0.15 | Median: −0.35 | |
| Min: −1.36;Max: 3.17 | Min: −1.36; Max: 3.17 | Min: −1.36; Max: 3.17 | |
| Family structure | |||
| Two parent household | 905 (63.7) | 186 (20.6) | 719 (79.4) |
| One parent household | 426 (30.0) | 82 (19.2) | 344 (80.8) |
| Living with guardian (not parent) | 90 (6.3) | 15 (16.7) | 75 (83.3) |
| Caregiver marital status | |||
| Married | 776 (54.6) | 150 (19.3) | 626 (80.7) |
| Single | 483 (34.0) | 92 (19.0) | 391 (81.0) |
| Partnered | 162 (11.4) | 41 (25.3) | 121 (74.7) |
| Average family SESc | −0.16 (1.39) | 0.05 (1.4) | −0.21 (1.4) |
| Family history of substance use | |||
| No | 1199 (84.4) | 228 (19.0) | 971 (81.0) |
| Yes | 222 (15.6) | 55 (24.8) | 167 (75.2) |
| Family history of depression | |||
| No | 1232 (86.7) | 236 (19.2) | 996 (80.8) |
| Yes | 189 (13.3) | 47 (24.9) | 142 (75.1) |
| Participant Mental Health | |||
| History of parent-child physical abuse | |||
| No | |||
| Yes | |||
| Mean internalizing problem score (SD) (Wave II) | 11.3 (7.6) | 12.6 (7.8) | 11.0 (7.5) |
| Median: 10 | Median: 11 | Median: 10 | |
| Min: 0; Max: 55 | Min: 0; Max: 55 | Min: 0; Max: 55 | |
| Mean externalizing problem score (SD) (Wave II) | 9.13 (5.3) | 11.8 (5.6) | 8.45 (5.0) |
| Median: 8 | Median: 12 | Median: 8 | |
| Min: 0; Max: 31 | Min: 0; Max: 31 | Min: 0; Max: 31 | |
| External social support (Wave I) | |||
| None | 420 (29.6) | 77 (18.3) | 343 (81.7) |
| 1 person | 500 (35.2) | 87 (17.4) | 413 (82.6) |
| 2 people | 325 (22.9) | 82 (25.2) | 243 (74.8) |
| 3 people | 176 (12.3) | 37 (21.0) | 139 (79.0) |
a
Column number and percent
b
Column number and row percent
c
Family SES is a standardized composite of parental education, income, and occupation, derived through principal components analysis, with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.