Table 2.
Comparison of net transpiration rates (integumental plus respiratory water loss) in first-instar nymphs and adult females of C. lectularius after 10 min of crawling through diatomaceous earth (label rate) with addition of bed bug alarm pheromone
| Treatment | Water balance characteristic |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| f (mg) | m (mg) | % | NTR (%/h) | |
| First-instar nymphs | ||||
| Acetone-only control | 0.14 ± 0.03a | 0.11 ± 0.03a | 73.3 ± 2.3a | 0.395 ± 0.022a |
| DE + acetone | 0.11 ± 0.02a | 0.08 ± 0.01a | 72.7 ± 2.1a | 0.421 ± 0.021a |
| DE + (E)-2-hexenal | ||||
| 0.001 M | 0.15 ± 0.04a | 0.09 ± 0.02a | 66.7 ± 1.3a | 0.441 ± 0.020a |
| 0.01 M | 0.12 ± 0.04a | 0.08 ± 0.02a | 75.0 ± 1.8a | 0.582 ± 0.016c |
| 0.1 M | 0.12 ± 0.05a | 0.08 ± 0.01a | 66.7 ± 1.2a | 0.495 ± 0.018b |
| DE + (E)-2-octenal | ||||
| 0.001M | 0.14 ± 0.04a | 0.10 ± 0.01a | 71.4 ± 2.0a | 0.413 ± 0.019a |
| 0.01M | 0.13 ± 0.02a | 0.09 ± 0.02a | 69.2 ± 2.3a | 0.574 ± 0.012c |
| 0.1M | 0.10 ± 0.03a | 0.07 ± 0.01a | 70.0 ± 1.5a | 0.479 ± 0.013b |
| DE + blend | ||||
| 0.001 M | 0.11 ± 0.03a | 0.08 ± 0.02a | 72.7 ± 1.9a | 0.477 ± 0.020a |
| 0.01 M | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 0.11 ± 0.02a | 78.6 ± 1.8a | 0.796 ± 0.025d |
| 0.1 M | 0.15 ± 0.04a | 0.11 ± 0.03a | 73.3 ± 1.3a | 0.517 ± 0.011c |
| Adult females | ||||
| Acetone-only control | 5.49 ± 0.15a | 3.70 ± 0.13a | 67.3 ± 3.5a | 0.104 ± 0.011a |
| DE + acetone | 5.51 ± 0.17a | 3.76 ± 0.19a | 68.2 ± 1.5a | 0.109 ± 0.018a |
| DE + (E)-2-hexenal | ||||
| 0.001 M | 5.42 ± 0.21a | 3.66 ± 0.17a | 67.5 ± 3.1a | 0.114 ± 0.017a |
| 0.01 M | 5.58 ± 0.13a | 3.74 ± 0.11a | 67.0 ± 2.7a | 0.191 ± 0.015a |
| 0.1 M | 5.48 ± 0.19a | 3.71 ± 0.22a | 67.7 ± 2.2a | 0.121 ± 0.015a |
| DE + (E)-2-octenal | ||||
| 0.001M | 5.62 ± 0.09a | 3.80 ± 0.18a | 67.6 ± 2.1a | 0.133 ± 0.024a |
| 0.01M | 5.43 ± 0.15a | 3.60 ± 0.16a | 66.3 ± 2.6a | 0.186 ± 0.012b |
| 0.1M | 5.61 ± 0.13a | 3.77 ± 0.09a | 67.2 ± 1.9a | 0.173 ± 0.023b |
| DE + blend | ||||
| 0.001 M | 5.53 ± 0.14a | 3.69 ± 0.14a | 66.7 ± 3.7a | 0.133 ± 0.012a |
| 0.01 M | 5.59 ± 0.19a | 3.75 ± 0.12a | 67.1 ± 1.8a | 0.263 ± 0.012c |
| 0.1 M | 5.64 ± 0.16a | 3.79 ± 0.20a | 67.2 ± 2.7a | 0.173 ± 0.012b |
Data shown are mean ± SE, N = 45. The same lowercase letters within a column denote no significant difference (ANOVA; P > 0.05). DE, diatomaceous earth; f, fresh (initial) mass; m, initial water mass; %, initial percentage water content; NTR, net transpiration rate following treatment; Blend, 30:70 for larvae and 75:25 for adults, vol:vol (E)-2-hexenal: (E)-2-octenal.