a, Original cluster procedure with transplantation of liver-pancreas-duodenum en bloc. In two cases, part of the stomach was preserved and the transplanted duodenum was placed in continuity with the stomach and jejunum of the patient (inset). b, Modified cluster procedure with transplantation of the liver only. In eight patients, one-third or more of the recipient stomach was preserved (inset, right), including three patients in whom the body and the tail of the pancreas also were retained (inset, left). c, Islet cluster procedure with transplantation of the liver and pancreatic islets injected into the portal vein of the transplanted liver. In two patients, part of the recipient stomach was preserved (inset).