Table 2.
Characteristics of Depression and Delirium Groups
| No depression or delirium N= 276 (60%) |
Depression alone N=121 (26%) |
Delirium alone N=39 (9%) |
Overlap syndrome N=23 (5%) |
P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (± SD) | 80 (6.3) | 79 (6.3) | 81 (7.4) | 81 (6.2) | 0.22 |
| Male, n (%) | 114 (41.3) | 43 (35.5) | 17 (43.6) | 8 (34.8) | 0.65 |
| Non-white race, n (%) | 42 (15.2) | 13 (10.7) | 12 (30.8) | 2 (8.7) | 0.02 |
| Years of education, n (%) | 11.5 (3.7) | 10.7 (3.3) | 9.6 (3.9) | 10.0 (3.1) | 0.003 |
| Unmarried, n (%) | 179 (64.9) | 76 (62.8) | 28 (71.8) | 17 (73.9) | 0.61 |
| Nursing home residence prior to hospitalization, n (%) | 10 (3.6) | 10 (8.26) | 4 (10.3) | 4 (17.4) | 0.02 |
| Any activity of daily living impairment, n (%) | 65 (23.6) | 60 (49.6) | 19 (48.7) | 16 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean ± (SD) | 2.5 (2.1) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.1 (2.2) | 4.1 (2.9) | 0.001 |
| Mini-Mental State Examination, mean (± SD) | 24.2 (4.7) | 23.2 (4.2) | 18.8 (5.4) | 20.3 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Antidepressant use upon hospital admission, n (%) | 17 (6.2) | 17 (14.1) | 6 (15.4) | 3 (13.0) | 0.04 |
| History of depression, n (%) | 33 (12.1) | 34 (28.6) | 10 (25.6) | 8 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| GDS** score, mean (± SD) | 2.65 (1.6) | 8.40 (2.2) | 2.67 (1.5) | 8.91 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Hospital length of stay (days), mean (± SD) | 7.13 (4.3) | 7.13 (4.3) | 16.08 (13.6) | 12.13 (7.9) | <0.001 |
*
One-way ANOVA for continuous variables, chi square test for categorical variables
**
Geriatric Depression Scale, range 0–15
SD = standard deviation