TABLE 2.
Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs of incident hypertension in 31,684 men by quintile of whole-grain intake: Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, 1986–20041
| Quintile of whole-grain intake |
||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P for trend | |
| Median intake (g/d)2 | 3.3 (0–6.5) | 9.8 (6.6–13.2) | 17.1 (13.3–21.4) | 26.9 (21.5–34.2) | 46.0 (34.3–326.4) | — |
| No. of cases | 1826 | 1917 | 1922 | 1914 | 1648 | — |
| Person-years | 61,137 | 68,966 | 72,196 | 73,184 | 69,877 | — |
| Age- and energy-adjusted RR3 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) | 0.81 (0.76, 0.87) | 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate-adjusted RR3,4 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.81 (0.75, 0.87) | <0.0001 |
1
RRs derived from proportional hazards models.
2
Ranges in parentheses.
3
95% CIs in parentheses.
4
Adjusted for age, energy, family history of coronary heart disease, family history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol, marital status, profession, height, fruit and vegetable intakes, sodium intake, physical activity, multivitamin use, and cholesterol screening.