TABLE 3.

Change in risk factors from baseline to year 1 in Diabetes Prevention Program participants by alcohol consumption category and treatment arm¹

	Alcohol consumption
	Lifestyle				Metformin				Placebo
	None (n = 592)	<1 drink/wk (n = 208)	1–6 drinks/wk (n = 203)	≥1 drink/d (n = 51)	None (n = 575)	<1 drink/wk (n = 209)	1–6 drinks/ wk (n = 220)	≥1 drink/d (n = 53)	None (n = 605)	<1 drink/wk (n = 191)	1–6 drinks/wk (n = 224)	≥1 drink/d (n = 44)
Weight change (kg)	−6.42 ± 0.30	−7.28 ± 0.46	−7.11 ± 0.55	−8.75 ± 0.912	−2.85 ± 0.21	−2.67 ± 0.32	−2.24 ± 0.30	−3.01 ± 0.59	−0.22 ± 0.20	−0.71 ± 0.36	−0.68 ± 0.31	−0.49 ± 0.57
Exercise change (MET-h/wk)	7.79 ± 1.13	7.41 ± 1.43	5.95 ± 1.12	8.44 ± 3.31	0.22 ± 0.97	1.76 ± 3.81	2.82 ± 1.00	9.91 ± 6.223	0.62 ± 1.61	−0.45 ± 1.68	3.08 ± 1.54	0.83 ± 2.633
Energy change (kcal)	−485 ± 35.8	−372 ± 52.5	−422 ± 59.8	−464 ± 111.83	−326 ± 32.3	−270 ± 54.7	−198 ± 48.8	−466 ± 88.22	−263 ± 39.8	−264 ± 47.0	−187 ± 55.8	−345 ± 112.2
HOMA-IR change (μU/mL · mmol/L)	−1.54 ± 0.199	−1.82 ± 0.254	−1.39 ± 0.345	−0.333 ± 0.963	−1.15 ± 0.166	−0.841 ± 0.244	−1.05 ± 0.299	−1.66 ± 0.440	0.328 ± 0.230	0.811 ± 0.343	0.229 ± 0.286	0.461 ± 0.325
CIR30 change [pmol/L/(mmol/L)2] × 100	0.014 ± 0.022	0.026 ± 0.024	0.033 ± 0.025	0.168 ± 0.199	−0.007 ± 0.017	0.071 ± 0.043	−0.050 ± 0.032	−0.039 ± 0.0332	0.017 ± 0.020	−0.020 ± 0.027	0.020 ± 0.028	−0.040 ± 0.0362

¹All values are means ± SEs. CIR₃₀, corrected insulin response at 30 min; MET, metabolic equivalent task; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

^2,3P for trend across alcohol groups: ²P< 0.05, ³P< 0.01.