TABLE 4.
Hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for select cardiovascular outcomes according to quintile (Q) of the Whole Grains and Fruit dietary pattern in 5316 men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)1
| Whole Grains and Fruit dietary pattern score |
||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend2 | |
| Hard CVD (events/person-years) | 27/4844 | 28/4865 | 37/4860 | 29/4940 | 18/4900 | |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.43, 1.30) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.58) | 0.64 (0.36, 1.14) | 0.37 (0.19, 0.72) | 0.002 |
| CHD all (events/person-years) | 28/4837 | 33/4852 | 32/4863 | 29/4945 | 28/4871 | |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.55, 1.56) | 0.83 (0.48, 1.42) | 0.68 (0.38, 1.21) | 0.63 (0.34, 1.16) | 0.05 |
| Hard CHD (events/person-years) | 16/4870 | 20/4882 | 24/4883 | 18/4969 | 9/4923 | |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.46, 1.81) | 1.02 (0.52, 2.00) | 0.70 (0.33, 1.46) | 0.35 (0.14, 0.85) | 0.01 |
| Myocardial infarction (events/ person years) | 13/4871 | 17/4882 | 22/4882 | 13/4969 | 7/4923 | |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.46, 2.10) | 1.18 (0.56, 2.48) | 0.65 (0.28, 1.52) | 0.34 (0.12, 0.94) | 0.03 |
| Revascularization (events/person-years) | 21/4848 | 26/4864 | 28/4864 | 23/4950 | 25/4884 | |
| Model 23 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.56, 1.85) | 1.03 (0.56, 1.88) | 0.76 (0.40, 1.47) | 0.79 (0.40, 1.55) | 0.36 |
1
Hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) generated by Cox proportional hazards regression, with Q1 as the referent. CVD, cardiovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease.
2
P for linear trend across quintiles was calculated with the dietary pattern score variable modeled as a continuous variable.
3
Adjusted for study center, age, sex, race-ethnicity, energy intake (kcal/d), education, physical activity, smoking status, pack-years, and weekly dietary supplement use.