. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 19.

Published in final edited form as: Trends Parasitol. 2009 Jun 17;25(7):301–307. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.03.011

Table 1.

NTDs in Southern Sudan

Parasite	Disease	Etiologic Agent	Distribution^a	Burden	Reference
Protozoan	Visceral Leishmaniasis	Leishmania donovani	Unity, Jonglei, UN and EE	Cyclic: 500– 9000 cases per year	10
	Human African Trypanosomiasis	Trypanosoma brucei gambiense	WE, CE, isolated foci in EE	1 – 2 million people at risk	21, ^b, ^c
		T.b. rhodesiense	Historical reports in Jonglei and EE	No recent reports

Bacterial	Trachoma	Chlamydia trachomatis	Surveyed areas include counties in EE, CE, Jonglei, UN and one county in NBEG	At least 3.9 million	11-13
	Buruli ulcer	Mycobacterium ulcerans	WE	1000+ cases	^c
	Leprosy	Mycobacterium leprae	Population in all 10 states at risk	In 2006, 1,060 new cases were reported	^c

Helminths	Soil - Transmitted Helminths	Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm (Species unconfirmed)	Probably all 10 states, especially EE, CE and WE	Unknown	^c
	Lymphatic filariasis	Wuchereria bancrofti	Mapping not completed, but probably all 10 states	Unknown	^c
	Loiasis	Loa loa	Equatoria region; predominantly WE	Unknown	^d
	Onchocerciasis	Onchocerca volvulus	Hyperendemic in WBEG, NBEG, Warrab, Lakes, WE, CE and parts EE; Parts of Unity bordering Warrab; in Jonglei border with Ethiopia; UN on border with BN	4.1 million at risk, of which 3.6 million eligible for treatment	40, ^c
	Dracunculiasis	Dracunculus medinensis	All states except WE and Unity	3,618 cases in 2008, down from 5,815 cases in 2007	41, ^e
	Schistosomiasis	Schistosoma haematobium	Probably Warrab, Lakes, Unity & UN	Unknown	^c, ^f
		S. mansoni	EE, CE and WE, Probably Jonglei, Warrab and Lakes	Unknown

Abbreviation of States: BN = Blue Nile, CE = Central Equatoria, EE = Eastern Equatoria, NBEG = North Bahr el Ghazal, UN = Upper Nile, WBEG = Western Bahr el Ghazal, WE = Western Equatoria

Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): Epidemiological update. http://www.who.int/wer/2006/wer8108.pdf

Neglected Tropical Disease in Southern Sudan: Situation Analysis, Gap Analysis and Intervention Options Appraisal. http://www.malariaconsortium.org/data/files/pages/ntds_southern_sudan.pdf

APOC (2005) Rapid assessment of loiasis and onchocerciasis in Equatoria region of Southern Sudan. Mission Report, African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, 4 – 24 April 2005.

Southern Sudan Guinea Worm Eradication Program, Ministry of Health, Government of Southern Sudan, Final Report, 2008

Atlas of the Global Distribution of Schistosomiasis. http://www.who.int/wormcontrol/documents/maps/en/