(1a.) Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (CPT codes 72148, 72149, 72158), numbers of scans among Medicare beneficiaries, from Part B claims; (1b.) Numbers of opioid prescriptions for spine conditions, national data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, reference 11 (1c.) Rates of lumbosacral injections in the Medicare population, age- and sex-adjusted. Data are from reference 1, adapted with permission.(1d.) Lumbar spine fusion rates for degenerative conditions, age- and sex-adjusted, National Inpatient Sample, from reference 2, reproduced with permission.