Table 1.
Sociodemographic and risk characteristics of study sample (n = 353 couples).
| Females | Males | |
| Age (mean, sd.; years) | 39.8 (7.5) | 41.3 (8.0) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||
| Hispanic | 44.2 | 44.5 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 37.7 | 42.8 |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 14.5 | 12.2 |
| Other | 3.7 | 0.6 |
| Education: high school diploma or equivalent (%) | 46.5 | 60.6 |
| Enrolled in Medicaid (%) | 86.4 | 72.2 |
| Employment status (%) | ||
| Employed full-time | 1.1 | 10.8 |
| Underemployed (<30 hrs/wk) | 5.4 | 9.1 |
| Unemployed | 57.2 | 53.0 |
| Unable to work (disabled) | 27.2 | 25.2 |
| Out of the work force (e.g., retired, student, other) | 9.1 | 2.0 |
| Income (average monthly; %) | ||
| <$ 100 | 7.1 | 20.7 |
| $ 100–$ 299 | 49.3 | 47.3 |
| $ 300–$ 499 | 28.3 | 18.7 |
| >= $ 500 | 15.3 | 13.3 |
| Marital status (%) | ||
| Single | 4.8 | 5.7 |
| Married | 20.4 | 19.6 |
| Common-law married | 68.3 | 72.5 |
| Divorced, separated, widowed, other | 6.5 | 2.3 |
| Resident pattern (%) | ||
| Permanent residence | 54.1 | 49.0 |
| Transient (living temporarily with friend, family, hotel) | 30.6 | 34.3 |
| Homeless (living in street, car, shelter) | 15.3 | 16.7 |
| Ever convicted of a criminal offense (%) | 86.1 | 93.2 |
| Spent time in jail, prison or holding-cell in last 30 days (%) | 5.1 | 10.8 |
| Number of children (biological, adopted, or stepchildren; %) | ||
| None | 15.0 | 17.6 |
| 1–2 | 40.5 | 40.5 |
| 3–5 | 36.3 | 32.3 |
| > 5 | 8.2 | 9.6 |
| Drug use history (%) | ||
| Ever injected drugs? | 64.9 | 64.6 |
| Ever smoked crack? | 89.2 | 81.0 |
| Ever snorted cocaine? | 96.0 | 96.3 |
| Ever snorted heroin? | 88.7 | 87.3 |
| Ever snorted speedball (cocaine/heroin mixed)? | 46.7 | 44.5 |
| Ever smoked marijuana? | 96.3 | 98.6 |
| Ever consumed alcohol? | 97.5 | 96.6 |
| Ever smoked cigarettes? | 98.0 | 95.8 |
| Current drug use (used in last 30 days; %) | ||
| Injected drugs? | 37.4 | 36.3 |
| Smoked crack? | 55.5 | 45.9 |
| Snorted cocaine? 1 | 23.1 | 24.4 |
| Snorted heroin? 2 | 50.3 | 43.8 |
| Snorted speedball (cocaine/heroin mixed)? 3 | 4.9 | 4.6 |
| Smoked marijuana? 2 | 35.6 | 38.5 |
| Consumed alcohol? 2 | 56.5 | 57.7 |
| Smoked cigarettes? | 96.6 | 89.8 |
| Currently in drug treatment? (%) | 70.3 | 57.8 |
| Had unprotected vaginal sex with partner in past 30 days? 4 (%) | 81.0 | 79.6 |
| Had unprotected anal sex with partner in past 30 days? 4 (%) | 16.4 | 24.4 |
| Exchanged sex for drugs or money in past 30 days? 5 (%) | 14.7 | 5.7 |
| Ever tested positive for HIV/AIDS? 4 (%) | 19.3 | 17.3 |
| Ever tested positive for hepatitis B? 4 (%) | 12.2 | 11.9 |
| Ever tested positive for hepatitis C? 2 (%) | 30.1 | 31.0 |
1, N = 703 due to missing data; 2, N = 704; 3, N = 702; 4, N = 705; 5, for females exchange indicates providing sex for money or drugs, for males exchange indicates providing money or drugs for sex. Note. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.