Table 1.

Child maltreatment among opioid dependent cases and matched non-opioid dependent controls, stratified by gender^#

	Male			Female
	(n=154) Control	(n=588) Case	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	(n=192) Control	(n=379) Case	Adjusted OR(95%CI)
Sexual abuse (%)	34.4	36.1	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	56.3	71.8	1.2 (0.8–2.0)
Penetrative (%)	15.6	21.4	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	27.6	56.2	2.0 (1.2–3.2)**
Contact (%)	9.7	7.3	0.7 (0.3–1.4)	12.0	10.3	1.3 (0.6–2.5)
Among those with sexual abuse:	(n=53)	(n=212)		(n=108)	(n=272)
Mean age at first sexual abuse incident (yrs)	11.5	10.3	t=−2.1*	10.7	9.9	t=−1.8
Multiple incidents (%)	39.6	47.6	1.3 (0.6–2.9)	38.0	61.4	3.3 (1.8–6.2)***
Perpetrator known to victim (%)	64.2	67.9	1.3 (0.6–3.0)	65.7	80.1	3.0 (1.5–5.9)***
Physical abuse (%)	36.4	57.5	1.6 (1.0–2.4)*	42.7	58.8	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
Among those with physical abuse:	(n=56)	(n=338)		(n=82)	(n=223)
Mean age at first physical abuse incident (yrs)	7.3	7.8	t=2.0*	7.9	8.0	t=1.2
Mean duration (yrs)	5.8	5.8	t=−1.0	5.3	6.1	t= 0.3
Multiple perpetrators (%)	32.1	34.3	1.3 (0.7–2.6)	35.4	35.4	0.7 (0.4–1.4)
Emotional abuse (%)	33.8	46.4	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	47.9	59.9	0.9 (0.6–1.4)
Frequent (%)	11.7	26.5	1.9 (1.0–3.4)*	27.1	39.8	1.0 (0.6–1.6)
Neglect (%)	57.8	68.0	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	71.4	77.6	0.7 (0.4–1.3)
Frequent (%)	29.9	43.9	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	40.1	58.0	1.1 (0.7–1.8)
Physical neglect (%)	9.1	12.1	0.9 (0.4–1.7)	10.4	13.7	0.5 (0.3–1.1)
Frequent (%)	3.9	7.5	1.0 (0.4–2.7)	5.7	8.7	0.6 (0.2–1.4)
Emotional neglect (%)	57.1	65.5	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	70.3	75.5	0.7 (0.4–1.2)
Frequent (%)	28.6	41.5	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	37.0	55.7	1.2 (0.8–1.9)
Supervisory neglect (%)	22.1	34.9	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	31.8	43.8	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
Frequent (%)	11.0	20.2	1.4 (0.8–2.6)	20.3	29.3	0.8 (0.4–1.3)

^***p<.001

^**p<.01

^*p<.05

^#Multiple regression analysis controlling for age, education, employment, alcohol dependence, cannabis dependence, and other illicit dependence