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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Microbiol. 2009 Feb 21;17(3):109–118. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.12.004

Figure 3. Regulation of biofilm formation in Vibrio spp.

Figure 3

Biofilm formation in V. cholerae is positively regulated by the regulators VpsR and VpsT. The magnitude of transcriptional control of vps genes by VpsR is greater than that of VpsT. Expression of vps genes and the regulators VpsR and VpsT are negatively controlled by the HapR regulator. In V. parahaemolyticus expression of cps genes is negatively regulated by a homolog of VpsT, CpsS. In the absence of CpsS, OpaR and CpsR (HapR and VpsR homologs, respectively) positively control cps gene expression and biofilm formation. In V. fischeri transcription of syp genes and biofilm formation are positively controlled by the histidine kinases RscS and/or SypF which act through response regulator SypG. SypF also positively regulates production of cellulose (cel), acting though the VpsR homolog of V. fischeri. The roles of VpsR and SypE as inhibitors are poorly understood and thus these are omitted from this figure.