KANNER scale examination—confirmatory tests

#	PROCEDURE	SYMPTOMS
1	Examiner observes patient while behind nurses station on unit or in clinic.	Activity level, abnormal movements
2	Examiner observes patient while trying to engage in a, conversation “My name is Dr. Carroll. Can you say Dr.Carroll?” “Can you name five towns in our state (province)?” “Which towns would you like to visit someday?”	Parroting (echolalia) gibberish (verbigeration), perseveration
3	Examiner places patient’s arm in the air at a 90-degree angle. If it remains stationary, this is waxy flexibility. If it falls slowly to side, this is catalepsy.	Waxy flexibility
4	Examiner scratches head in exaggerated manner, then puts one open hand on left temple and watches patient, then puts the other open hand on right temple and watches patient.	Echopraxia
5	Examiner extends hand stating “Do NOT shake my hand.” Patient may become motorically stuck. Examiner states, “Place your left wrist on your right wrist.” “Good, now place your left wrist on your left wrist.”	Command-verbal (automatic obedience and ambitendency)
6	Examiner asks patient to extend arm. Examiner places one finger beneath patient’s hand and tries to raise it slowly after stating, “Do NOT let me raise your arm.”	Command-motor (mitgehen)
7	Examiner passively flexes patient’s arm at the elbow. Examiner uses greater and lesser force to determine if the degree of motor resistance changes according to the force applied.	Paratonia (gegenhalten)
8	Examiner places index finger flat on palm of patient’s hand. Patient’s fingers and thumb are observed for flexion.	Grasp reflex
9	Patient’s arm is at rest at his side. Examiner says, “I will swing your arm back and forth. When I let go you let it come to rest as it will.”	Metronome test
10	Patient’s arm is at rest. Examiner reaches slowly with extended hand open as if to grasp patient’s wrist at about three inches from wrist of patient’s resting arm.	Magnetism