Table 2.
Score based on STARD criteria.
| Reference | Biomarker | Serum/urine | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procalcitonin (PCT) | |||
| Pecile et al22 | PCT | Serum | 8 |
| Guven et al23 | PCT | Serum | 7 |
| Benador et al18 | PCT | Serum | 7 |
| *Gurgoze et al19 | PCT, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α | Serum | 7 |
| Grevaix et al20 | PCT | Serum | 6 |
| Smolkin et al21 | PCT | Serum | 6 |
| Prat et al39 | PCT | Serum | 5 |
| Tuerlinckx et al40 | PCT | Serum | 4 |
| Interleukins (ILs) | |||
| Sheu et al26 | IL-6 and IL8 | Serum and Urine | 7 |
| Olszyna et al24 | IL-8 | Urine | 7 |
| Sheu et al29 | IL-1β | Urine | 6 |
| Krzemein et al27 | IL-6 and IL-8 | Urine | 6 |
| Otto et al28 | Chemokines | Serum and Urine | 6 |
| Jantausch et al25 | IL-6 and IL-8 | Urine | 6 |
| Roilides et al41 | IL-6 | Urine | 5 |
| Zaki et al42 | IL-8 | Urine | 5 |
| Oregioni et al43 | IL-8 | Urine | 3 |
| Rao et al44 | IL-8 | Urine | 3 |
| Miscellenous | |||
| Fretzayas et al30 | E-a1-Pi | Urine and plasma | 8 |
| Arao et al31 | Lactoferrin | Urine | 6 |
| Deo at al32 | Secretory IgA | Urine | 6 |
| Bakokas et al33 | E-a1-Pi | Urine and plasma | 5 |
| Smith et al35 | NBT reduction | Urine | 5 |
| Everaert et al34 | α-1 microglobulin/serum prostatic antigen | Urine-α-1 microglobulin and Serum prostatic antigen | 4 |
| Steinhoff et al36 | Myeloperoxidase, CRP and α2-macroglobulin | Urine-myeloperoxidase and α-2 macroglobulin; serum CRP | 3 |
| Determann et al45 | Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 | Serum | NA |
*
Study evaluating PCT, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.