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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pain. 2007 May 23;12(1):104–115. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.04.001

Table 5.

Predictors of Participants’ Pain Scores in the Regression Equation Based on Sex (Females: N = 195; Males: N = 82)

Females Males
R R2 SE R2 change F change p R R2 SE R2 change F change p
Step 1 0.51 0.26 13.64 0.26 7.20 .000 Step 1 0.52 0.27 13.82 0.27 2.95 .005
Step 2 0.53 0.28 13.45 0.03 6.42 .012 Step 2 0.52 0.27 13.91 0.00 0.05 .818
Variables B SE β Tolerance Variables B SE β Tolerance z
Dependent Variable: Dependent Variable:
MPQ Total MPQ Total
Step 1 Step 1
PASS escape/avoidance 0.25 0.13 0.16a 0.63 PASS escape/avoidance −0.08 0.23 −0.05 0.55 −1.21
BDI cognitive 0.35 0.28 0.15 0.27 BDI cognitive 0.32 0.41 0.14 0.33 −0.02
PASS cognitive −0.20 0.17 −0.15 0.27 PASS cognitive −0.44 0.30 −0.34 0.20 −0.55
BDI somatic 0.47 0.37 0.14 0.31 BDI somatic 0.91 0.51 0.27d 0.45 0.75
STAXI state 0.31 0.21 0.13 0.54 STAXI state 0.68 0.39 0.22d 0.61 0.60
PASS fearful appraisal 0.18 0.19 0.12 0.30 PASS fearful appraisal 0.01 0.30 0.01 0.27 −0.44
STAXI trait 0.21 0.22 0.07 0.65 STAXI trait 0.25 0.36 0.08 0.71 0.07
PASS physiological 0.09 0.14 0.06 0.40 PASS physiological 0.29 0.20 0.22 0.46 0.82
CSQ-R catastrophizing −0.06 0.24 −0.03 0.29 CSQ-R catastrophizing 0.04 0.37 0.02 0.35 0.20
Step 2 Step 2
PASS escape/avoidance 0.29 0.13 0.18a 0.62 PASS escape/avoidance −0.08 0.23 −0.05 0.55 −1.35
BDI cognitive 0.36 0.27 0.16 0.27 BDI cognitive 0.35 0.43 0.15 0.30 0.00
PASS cognitive −0.17 0.16 −0.13 0.27 PASS cognitive −0.45 0.31 −0.34 0.19 −0.63
BDI somatic 0.22 0.38 0.07 0.29 BDI somatic 0.94 0.53 0.28d 0.43 1.09
STAXI state 0.35 0.21 0.14d 0.54 STAXI state 0.66 0.40 0.22 0.58 0.45
PASS fearful appraisal 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.29 PASS fearful appraisal −0.02 0.33 −0.01 0.23 −0.61
STAXI trait 0.17 0.22 0.06 0.65 STAXI trait 0.26 0.37 0.09 0.69 0.19
PASS physiological −0.12 0.16 −0.09 0.29 PASS physiological 0.32 0.24 0.24 0.33 1.39
CSQ-R catastrophizing −0.02 0.24 −0.01 0.29 CSQ-R catastrophizing 0.07 0.40 0.03 0.31 0.17
PILL total 0.10 0.04 0.22a 0.52 PILL total −0.02 0.07 −0.04 0.42 −1.36
Females Males
R R2 SE R2 change F change p R R2 SE R2 change F change p
Step 1 0.24 0.06 26.23 0.06 1.23 .282 Step 1 0.30 0.09 19.81 0.09 0.84 .584
Step 2 0.25 0.06 26.24 0.00 0.88 .351 Step 2 0.31 0.10 19.89 0.01 0.38 .539
Variables B SE β Tolerance Variables B SE β Tolerance z
Dependent Variable: Dependent Variable:
NRS usual pain NRS usual pain
Step 1 Step 1
PASS fearful appraisal −0.73 0.36 −0.27a 0.29 PASS fearful appraisal −0.08 0.41 −0.04 0.27 0.94
BDI cognitive −0.96 0.55 −0.23d 0.29 BDI cognitive −0.55 0.57 −0.18 0.34 0.15
BDI somatic 0.92 0.72 0.16 0.32 BDI somatic 1.45 0.71 0.34a 0.43 1.04
STAXI state 0.69 0.41 0.16d 0.57 STAXI state −0.04 0.56 −0.01 0.60 −0.96
PASS physiological 0.23 0.27 0.10 0.40 PASS physiological 0.16 0.28 0.09 0.45 0.02
PASS escape/avoidance 0.17 0.25 0.06 0.60 PASS escape/avoidance 0.10 0.32 0.05 0.52 −0.11
STAXI trait 0.30 0.46 0.06 0.72 STAXI trait 0.10 0.51 0.03 0.73 −0.20
PASS cognitive 0.11 0.31 0.05 0.28 PASS cognitive 0.06 0.43 0.03 0.19 −0.08
CSQ-R catastrophizing 0.11 0.46 0.03 0.30 CSQ-R catastrophizing −0.08 0.53 −0.03 0.33 −0.25
Step 2 Step 2
PASS fearful appraisal −0.70 0.36 −0.26d 0.29 PASS fearful appraisal −0.15 0.43 −0.08 0.26 0.76
BDI cognitive −0.98 0.55 −0.24d 0.29 BDI cognitive −0.46 0.59 −0.15 0.32 0.32
BDI somatic 0.77 0.74 0.13 0.31 BDI somatic 1.55 0.73 0.36a 0.41 1.25
STAXI state 0.71 0.41 −0.16d 0.57 STAXI state −0.12 0.58 −0.03 0.56 −1.11
PASS physiological 0.08 0.31 0.03 0.29 PASS physiological 0.25 0.32 0.14 0.36 0.53
PASS escape/avoidance 0.19 0.25 0.07 0.59 PASS escape/avoidance 0.08 0.33 0.04 0.51 −0.21
STAXI trait 0.29 0.46 0.05 0.72 STAXI trait 0.16 0.52 0.04 0.70 −0.08
PASS cognitive 0.13 0.31 0.05 0.28 PASS cognitive 0.02 0.43 0.01 0.18 −0.17
CSQ-R catastrophizing 0.15 0.46 0.04 0.30 CSQ-R catastrophizing 0.02 0.56 0.01 0.31 −0.14
PILL total 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.54 PILL total −0.06 0.09 −0.10 0.50 −1.03

Note. When separate analyses were conducted with the MPQ sensory subscale scores and the MPQ affective subscale scores as the dependent variables, PILL total scores were found to be a significant predictor for only the MPQ sensory subscales scores in females. No differences from the analyses using MPQ total scores were noted among males.

a

p<.05

d

p<.10