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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Dent Res. 2008 Oct;87(10):915–927. doi: 10.1177/154405910808701011

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pathways stimulated by microbes and their associated molecular patterns in oral (A) and airway (B) epithelial cells leading to β-defensin expression. These models are based solely on published studies demonstrating the role of the respective receptors, adapter molecules, and transcription factors. In some cases, e.g., stimulation of hBD-2 by P. intermedia, specific stimulatory molecule, receptor, pathway, and/or transcription factors have not been identified, and are shown as a question mark.